1.20: Body Water and Electrolytes

1. The plasma volume of a 3200 g neonate is approximately:
   1. 150 mL
   2. 250 mL
   3. 350 mL
   4. 500 mL
   5. 1000 mL
2. The cation with the highest extracellular concentration is
   1. potassium
   2. sodium
   3. calcium
   4. magnesium
   5. lithium
3. The anion with the highest extracellular concentration is:
   1. protein
   2. bicarbonate
   3. chloride
   4. phosphate
   5. lactate
4. The cation with the lowest intracellular concentration is:
   1. potassium
   2. sodium
   3. calcium
   4. magnesium
   5. chloride
5. The cation with the highest intracellular concentration is:
   1. potassium
   2. sodium
   3. calcium
   4. magnesium
   5. lithium
6. Total body water represents about what percent of body weight in adults?
   1. 80
   2. 70
   3. 60
   4. 50
   5. 40
7. The osmolarity of extracellular fluid is mostly dependent on:
   1. potassium
   2. sodium
   3. calcium
   4. magnesium
   5. lithium
8. What is the largest fluid compartment?
   1. plasma water
   2. interstitial fluid
   3. intracellular fluid
   4. transcellular water
   5. intercellular water
9. The plasma volume in 70 kg adults is approximately:
   1. 2000 mL
   2. 2500 mL
   3. 3000 mL
   4. 3500 mL
   5. 4000mL
10. Intracellular water accounts for about what percent of an adult’s body weight?
    1. 60
    2. 50
    3. 40
    4. 30
    5. 20
11. The anion with the highest intra-cellular concentration is:
    1. protein
    2. bicarbonate
    3. chloride
    4. lactate
    5. none of the above
12. Total body water represents about what percent of body weight in neonates?
    1. 40
    2. 50
    3. 60
    4. 70
    5. 80
13. Low serum potassium levels are usually associated with all of the following EXCEPT:
    1. low total body potassium
    2. low intracellular potassium
    3. intracellular sodium increase
    4. extracellular alkalosis
    5. increased urinary potassium excretion
14. Extracellular fluid volume is normally largely governed by:
    1. sodium
    2. urea
    3. glucose
    4. phosphate
    5. magnesium
15. The significant electrolyte changes observed in metabolic alkalosis include:
    1. sodium unchanged/chloride increased
    2. sodium unchanged/chloride decreased
    3. sodium increased/chloride increased
    4. sodium decreased/chloride decreased
    5. sodium increased/chloride decreased
16. Edema is the result of:
    1. increased extracellular sodium
    2. decreased extracellular sodium
    3. increased plasma volume
    4. decreased plasma volume
    5. none of the above

Use the following Key to answer questions 17 through 19

1. 1, 2, and 3 are correct
2. 1 and 3 are correct
3. 2 and 4 are correct
4. only 4 is correct
5. all are correct

17. Deficits of body sodium are associated with:
    1. renal disease
    2. gastrointestinal losses
    3. hypoaldosteronism
    4. congestive heart failure
18. Hyponatremia can be caused by:
    1. equal losses of sodium and water
    2. water retention in excess of sodium retention
    3. sodium retention in excess of water retention
    4. sodium loss in excess of water loss
19. Which of the following are important regulators of extracellular water volume?
    1. hypothalamic control of thirst
    2. renin angiotensin—aldosterone system
    3. pituitary release of anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)
    4. atrial naturetic peptide (ANP)

Answer

1. a (p. 445)
2. b(p. 446)
3. c (p. 446)
4. c (p. 446)
5. a (p. 446)
6. c (p. 444)
7. b (p. 446)
8. c (p. 444)
9. d (p. 444-445)
10. c (p. 444)
11. a (p. 446)
12. e (p. 445)
13. c (p. 459)
14. a (p. 450)
15. b (p. 460)
16. a (p. 455)
17. a (p. 456)
18. c (p. 456)
19. e (p. 449-450)