1.20: Body Water and Electrolytes
- Page ID
- 38600
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)- The plasma volume of a 3200 g neonate is approximately:
- 150 mL
- 250 mL
- 350 mL
- 500 mL
- 1000 mL
- The cation with the highest extracellular concentration is
- potassium
- sodium
- calcium
- magnesium
- lithium
- The anion with the highest extracellular concentration is:
- protein
- bicarbonate
- chloride
- phosphate
- lactate
- The cation with the lowest intracellular concentration is:
- potassium
- sodium
- calcium
- magnesium
- chloride
- The cation with the highest intracellular concentration is:
- potassium
- sodium
- calcium
- magnesium
- lithium
- Total body water represents about what percent of body weight in adults?
- 80
- 70
- 60
- 50
- 40
- The osmolarity of extracellular fluid is mostly dependent on:
- potassium
- sodium
- calcium
- magnesium
- lithium
- What is the largest fluid compartment?
- plasma water
- interstitial fluid
- intracellular fluid
- transcellular water
- intercellular water
- The plasma volume in 70 kg adults is approximately:
- 2000 mL
- 2500 mL
- 3000 mL
- 3500 mL
- 4000mL
- Intracellular water accounts for about what percent of an adult’s body weight?
- 60
- 50
- 40
- 30
- 20
- The anion with the highest intra-cellular concentration is:
- protein
- bicarbonate
- chloride
- lactate
- none of the above
- Total body water represents about what percent of body weight in neonates?
- 40
- 50
- 60
- 70
- 80
- Low serum potassium levels are usually associated with all of the following EXCEPT:
- low total body potassium
- low intracellular potassium
- intracellular sodium increase
- extracellular alkalosis
- increased urinary potassium excretion
- Extracellular fluid volume is normally largely governed by:
- sodium
- urea
- glucose
- phosphate
- magnesium
- The significant electrolyte changes observed in metabolic alkalosis include:
- sodium unchanged/chloride increased
- sodium unchanged/chloride decreased
- sodium increased/chloride increased
- sodium decreased/chloride decreased
- sodium increased/chloride decreased
- Edema is the result of:
- increased extracellular sodium
- decreased extracellular sodium
- increased plasma volume
- decreased plasma volume
- none of the above
Use the following Key to answer questions 17 through 19
- 1, 2, and 3 are correct
- 1 and 3 are correct
- 2 and 4 are correct
- only 4 is correct
- all are correct
- Deficits of body sodium are associated with:
- renal disease
- gastrointestinal losses
- hypoaldosteronism
- congestive heart failure
- Hyponatremia can be caused by:
- equal losses of sodium and water
- water retention in excess of sodium retention
- sodium retention in excess of water retention
- sodium loss in excess of water loss
- Which of the following are important regulators of extracellular water volume?
- hypothalamic control of thirst
- renin angiotensin—aldosterone system
- pituitary release of anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)
- atrial naturetic peptide (ANP)
- Answer
-
- a (p. 445)
- b(p. 446)
- c (p. 446)
- c (p. 446)
- a (p. 446)
- c (p. 444)
- b (p. 446)
- c (p. 444)
- d (p. 444-445)
- c (p. 444)
- a (p. 446)
- e (p. 445)
- c (p. 459)
- a (p. 450)
- b (p. 460)
- a (p. 455)
- a (p. 456)
- c (p. 456)
- e (p. 449-450)