Skip to main content
Medicine LibreTexts

1.28: Diabetes

  1. Last updated
  2. Save as PDF
  • Page ID
    38608

    • \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)

    \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash {#1}}} \)

    \( \newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)

    ( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\)

    \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\)

    \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\)

    \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\)

    \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\)

    \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\)

    \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\)

    \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorA}[1]{\vec{#1}}      % arrow\)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorAt}[1]{\vec{\text{#1}}}      % arrow\)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorB}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorC}[1]{\textbf{#1}} \)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorD}[1]{\overrightarrow{#1}} \)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorDt}[1]{\overrightarrow{\text{#1}}} \)

    \( \newcommand{\vectE}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{\mathbf {#1}}}} \)

    \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)

    \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash {#1}}} \)

    \(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)
    1. Type 1 diabetes is defined/described as:
      1. secondary to certain conditions and syndromes
      2. insulin dependent
      3. impaired glucose tolerance test
      4. glucose intolerance during pregnancy
      5. non-insulin dependent
    2. In performing a glucose tolerance test on a patient, the peak glucose level occurred after 3 hours. What is the tentative diagnosis?
      1. normal
      2. questionable diabetic
      3. diabetic
      4. impaired tolerance
      5. child diabetic
    3. In the fasting state, diabetes may be tentatively considered as the differential
      diagnosis if the glucose level is greater than:
      1. 1100 mg/L
      2. 1260 mg/L
      3. 1600 mg/L
      4. 2000 mg/L
      5. 2500 mg/L
    4. The liver is the major organ which can release glucose into the circulation during fasting because its cells contain:
      1. glucose oxidase
      2. glucose-6-isomerase
      3. glucose-6-convertase
      4. hexokinase
      5. glucose.-6-phosphatase
    5. The following glucose tolerance curve is representative of:
      *PLEASE NOTE, THE VALUES FOR THE Y-AXIS NEED TO BE MULTIPLIED BY 10
      1. hyperinsulinism
      2. hypoglycemia
      3. mild diabetes
      4. impaired glucose tolerance
      5. normal

    efe0d77defb478253e1181bd9f1626552.png

    1. Type II diabetes is defined/described as:
      1. secondary to certain conditions and syndromes
      2. insulin dependent
      3. impaired glucose tolerance test
      4. glucose intolerance during pregnancy
      5. non-insulin dependent
    2. The glucose value of a normal 2 hour post-glucose tolerance test is:
      1. markedly elevated above fasting levels
      2. markedly below fasting levels
      3. within fasting normal limits
      4. slightly elevated above normal levels
    3. What is the minimum serum glucose levels at which urine would be positive for the presence of glucose?:
      1. 1000 mg/L
      2. 1400 mg/L
      3. 1800 mg/L
      4. 2200 mg/L
      5. 2600 mg/L
    4. Increased levels of insulin cause the glucose intake of cells to:
      1. increase
      2. decrease
      3. be blocked
      4. be maintained on a constant level
      5. remain unchanged
    5. The most useful analyte for monitoring long-term (6 to 8 weeks) stability of blood glucose is:
      1. lactic acid
      2. urinary ketone bodies
      3. insulin
      4. blood pH
      5. glycosylated hemoglobin
    6.  

    Column A

    1. tumor in islet cell of pancreas
    2. epinephrine produced by a pheochromocytoma
    3. Cushing’s disease

    Column B

    1. hyperglycemia
    2. hypoglycemia
    3. normal

    Use the following Key to answer Questions 12-17:

    1. 1,2, and 3 are correct
    2. 1 and 3 are correct
    3. 2 and 4 are correct
    4. only 4 is correct
    5. all are correct
    1. Which of the following are hyperlycemic agents?
      1. glucagen
      2. epinephrine
      3. cortisol
      4. thyroxine
    2. What is/are the most likely presentation/s of a type I diabetic in an out-of-control situation?:
      1. ketoacidosis
      2. hyperosmolar coma
      3. hypoinsulinemic
      4. non-ketotic
    3. What is/are the most likely presentation/s of a type II diabetic in an out-of-control situation?:
      1. ketoacidosis
      2. hyperosmolar coma
      3. hypoinsulinemic
      4. non-ketotic
    4. Which of the following are most useful for monitoring glucose control in a known diabetic?:
      1. growth hormone
      2. serum insulin
      3. urinary ketones
      4. urinary glucose
    5. The most frequent complications of chronic diabetes are:
      1. retinopathy
      2. nephropathy
      3. neuropathy
      4. microangiopathy
    6. Which of the following are the major complications of diabetes?:
      1. angiopathy
      2. male impotence
      3. nephropathy
      4. pheochromocytoma
    Answer
    1. b (p. 590)
    2. c (p. 596, 597)
    3. b (p. 596)
    4. e (p. 587)
    5. c (p. 590, 596)
    6. e (p. 590-591)
    7. c (p. 596-597)
    8. c (p. 598)
    9. a (p. 589)
    10. e (p. 598)
    11.  
      1. b (p. 595)
      2. a (p. 589)
      3. a (p. 590)
    12. e (p. 589)
    13. b (p. 590, 594)
    14. c (p. 590-594)
    15. d (p. 597)
    16. e (p. 593-595)
    17. a (p. 593-595)

    1.28: Diabetes is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts.

    1. Back to top
    • Was this article helpful?

    Recommended articles

    1. Article type
      Section or Page
      License
      CC BY-NC-SA
      License Version
      4.0
      Show TOC
      no
    2. Tags
      This page has no tags.