1.36: Pregnancy and Fetal Function
- Page ID
- 38616
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)- Fetal lung maturity can be assessed from amniotic fluid because the surfactant is primarily composed of:
- protein
- cholesterol
- glycerol
- triglycerides
- phosphatidylcholine and other phospholipids
Use the following key for questions 2 and 3
- creatinine
- nile blue sulfate staining cells
- absorbancy at 450 nm
- functional test, such as the fluorescence polarization assay
- “shake test”
- In diabetic pregnancies, large-for-gestational-age fetuses are not uncommon. Which amniotic fluid test would most accurately predict fetal pulmonary maturity at 38 weeks’ gestation?
- Which rapid amniotic fluid test would most accurately predict fetal pulmonary maturity at 38 weeks’ gestation?
- Fetal hemolytic disorders (Rh problems) are best diagnosed by the following test of amniotic fluid:
- estriol
- phospholipids
- bilirubin
- surface tension
- human chorionic gonadotropin
- Which of the following tests is useful to predict ancephaly or meningomyelocele?:
- serum human placental lactogen
- amniotic fluid surface tension
- amniotic fluid cortisol levels
- amniotic fluid alpha-fetoprotein
- amniotic fluid
- A sample is received for fetal maturity studies, but the laboratory is not sure if the sample is a proper amniotic fluid specimen; that is one not heavily contaminated with maternal urine. Which of the following analytes can be used to differentiate between urine and amniotic fluids:
- creatinine
- protein
- sodium
- bilirubin
- alpha-fetoprotein
- Which of the following sets of results from amniotic fluid is likely to be associated with fetal immaturity?
- L/S = 2.9, PG = negative
- L/S = 1.8, PG = positive
- L/S = 1.5, PG = negative
- L/S = 2.1, PG = positive
- L/S = 2.0, PG = negative
- The best screening test for neural tube defects is measurement of serum:
- placental lactogen
- bilirubin
- estriol
- alpha-fetoprotein
- chronic gondatrophin
- The primary pathway for removal of amniotic fluid during the third trimester of pregnancy is fetal swallowing.
- True
- False
- At what time period do the following biochemical pathways mature or reach maximal levels? Match the time in column A with the pathway in Column B.
| Column A | Column B |
|---|---|
|
|
Question 11 - 17
- 1,2, and 3 are correct
- 1 and 3 are correct
- 2 and 4 are correct
- only 4 is correct
- all are correct
- Amniocentesis is performed for which of the following conditions?:
- management of Rh incompatibility
- identification of fetal maturity
- identification of potential genetic disorders
- identification of fetal sex
- The primary source (s) of amniotic fluid in the third trimester of pregnancy is (are):
- skin
- lung
- intestine
- kidney
- Serial measurements of maternal serum estriol demonstrate a pattern of slightly decreasing levels of estriol. The most likely clinical condition (s) associated with this pattern is (are):
- fetal growth retardation
- imminent fetal birth
- fetal death
- toxemia of pregnancy
- Preeclampsia is associated with which of the following clinical symptom(s):
- hypertension
- edema
- proteinuria
- glucosuria
- The beta chain of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) is closely related to the beta chains of which of the following proteins?
- follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
- thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
- lututrinizing hormone (LH)
- all of the above
- none of the above
- Premature labor:
- Can be prevented by treatment with high-dose MgSO4.
- Is a leading cause of perinatal death.
- Can be caused by infections and maternal drug use.
- A cause of toxemia of pregnancy
- Premature labor can be detected by:
- Leaking amniotic fluid
- Maternal AFP levels
- Fetal fibronectin
- Low maternal unconjugated estriol levels
- Answer
-
- e (p. 762)
- d (p. 772)
- e (p. 772)
- c (p. 773)
- d (p. 768, 775)
- a (p. 772)
- c (p. 771-772)
- d (p. 768)
- a (p. 755-756)
-
- d (p. 758)
- e (p. 759)
- b (p. 765)
- c (p. 763)
- a (p. 765)
- a (p. 769)
- c (p. 756)
- b (p. 757-759, 770)
- a (p. 766)
- e (p. 757)
- a (p. 766)
- b (p. 766)