12.10: Review Questions
- Page ID
- 69248
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)Which of the following cavities contains a component of the central nervous system?
- abdominal
- pelvic
- cranial
- thoracic
Which structure predominates in the white matter of the brain?
- myelinated axons
- neuronal cell bodies
- ganglia of the parasympathetic nerves
- bundles of dendrites from the enteric nervous system
Which part of a neuron transmits an electrical signal to a target cell?
- dendrites
- soma
- cell body
- axon
Which term describes a bundle of axons in the peripheral nervous system?
- nucleus
- ganglion
- tract
- nerve
Which functional division of the nervous system would be responsible for the physiological changes seen during exercise (e.g., increased heart rate and sweating)?
- somatic
- autonomic
- enteric
- central
What type of glial cell provides myelin for the axons in a tract?
- oligodendrocyte
- astrocyte
- Schwann cell
- satellite cell
Which part of a neuron contains the nucleus?
- dendrite
- soma
- axon
- synaptic end bulb
Which of the following substances is least able to cross the blood-brain barrier?
- water
- sodium ions
- glucose
- white blood cells
What type of glial cell is the resident macrophage behind the blood-brain barrier?
- microglia
- astrocyte
- Schwann cell
- satellite cell
What two types of macromolecules are the main components of myelin?
- carbohydrates and lipids
- proteins and nucleic acids
- lipids and proteins
- carbohydrates and nucleic acids
If a thermoreceptor is sensitive to temperature sensations, what would a chemoreceptor be sensitive to?
- light
- sound
- molecules
- vibration
Which of these locations is where the greatest level of integration is taking place in the example of testing the temperature of the shower?
- skeletal muscle
- spinal cord
- thalamus
- cerebral cortex
How long does all the signaling through the sensory pathway, within the central nervous system, and through the motor command pathway take?
- 1 to 2 minutes
- 1 to 2 seconds
- fraction of a second
- varies with graded potential
What is the target of an upper motor neuron?
- cerebral cortex
- lower motor neuron
- skeletal muscle
- thalamus
What ion enters a neuron causing depolarization of the cell membrane?
- sodium
- chloride
- potassium
- phosphate
Voltage-gated Na+ channels open upon reaching what state?
- resting potential
- threshold
- repolarization
- overshoot
What does a ligand-gated channel require in order to open?
- increase in concentration of Na+ ions
- binding of a neurotransmitter
- increase in concentration of K+ ions
- depolarization of the membrane
What does a mechanically gated channel respond to?
- physical stimulus
- chemical stimulus
- increase in resistance
- decrease in resistance
Which of the following voltages would most likely be measured during the relative refractory period?
- +30 mV
- 0 mV
- -45 mV
- -80 mv
Which of the following is probably going to propagate an action potential fastest?
- a thin, unmyelinated axon
- a thin, myelinated axon
- a thick, unmyelinated axon
- a thick, myelinated axon
How much of a change in the membrane potential is necessary for the summation of postsynaptic potentials to result in an action potential being generated?
- +30 mV
- +15 mV
- +10 mV
- -15 mV
A channel opens on a postsynaptic membrane that causes a negative ion to enter the cell. What type of graded potential is this?
- depolarizing
- repolarizing
- hyperpolarizing
- non-polarizing
What neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscular junction?
- norepinephrine
- serotonin
- dopamine
- acetylcholine
What type of receptor requires an effector protein to initiate a signal?
- biogenic amine
- ionotropic receptor
- cholinergic system
- metabotropic receptor
Which of the following neurotransmitters is associated with inhibition exclusively?
- GABA
- acetylcholine
- glutamate
- norepinephrine