21.12: Review Questions
- Page ID
- 69363
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)Which of the following cells is phagocytic?
- plasma cell
- macrophage
- B cell
- NK cell
Which structure allows lymph from the lower right limb to enter the bloodstream?
- thoracic duct
- right lymphatic duct
- right lymphatic trunk
- left lymphatic trunk
Which of the following cells is important in the innate immune response?
- B cells
- T cells
- macrophages
- plasma cells
Which of the following cells would be most active in early, antiviral immune responses the first time one is exposed to pathogen?
- macrophage
- T cell
- neutrophil
- natural killer cell
Which of the lymphoid nodules is most likely to see food antigens first?
- tonsils
- Peyer’s patches
- bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue
- mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue
Which of the following signs is not characteristic of inflammation?
- redness
- pain
- cold
- swelling
Which of the following is not important in the antiviral innate immune response?
- interferons
- natural killer cells
- complement
- microphages
Enhanced phagocytosis of a cell by the binding of a specific protein is called ________.
- endocytosis
- opsonization
- anaphylaxis
- complement activation
Which of the following leads to the redness of inflammation?
- increased vascular permeability
- anaphylactic shock
- increased blood flow
- complement activation
T cells that secrete cytokines that help antibody responses are called ________.
- Th1
- Th2
- regulatory T cells
- thymocytes
The taking in of antigen and digesting it for later presentation is called ________.
- antigen presentation
- antigen processing
- endocytosis
- exocytosis
Why is clonal expansion so important?
- to select for specific cells
- to secrete cytokines
- to kill target cells
- to increase the numbers of specific cells
The elimination of self-reactive thymocytes is called ________.
- positive selection.
- negative selection.
- tolerance.
- clonal selection.
Which type of T cell is most effective against viruses?
- Th1
- Th2
- cytotoxic T cells
- regulatory T cells
Removing functionality from a B cell without killing it is called ________.
- clonal selection
- clonal expansion
- clonal deletion
- clonal anergy
Which class of antibody crosses the placenta in pregnant people?
- IgM
- IgA
- IgE
- IgG
Which class of antibody has no known function other than as an antigen receptor?
- IgM
- IgA
- IgE
- IgD
When does class switching occur?
- primary response
- secondary response
- tolerance
- memory response
Which class of antibody is found in mucus?
- IgM
- IgA
- IgE
- IgD
Which enzymes in macrophages are important for clearing intracellular bacteria?
- metabolic
- mitochondrial
- nuclear
- lysosomal
What type of chronic lung disease is caused by a Mycobacterium?
- asthma
- emphysema
- tuberculosis
- leprosy
Which type of immune response is most directly effective against bacteria?
- natural killer cells
- complement
- cytotoxic T cells
- helper T cells
What is the reason that you have to be immunized with a new influenza vaccine each year?
- the vaccine is only protective for a year
- mutation
- macrophage oxidative metabolism
- memory response
Which type of immune response works in concert with cytotoxic T cells against virally infected cells?
- natural killer cells
- complement
- antibodies
- memory
Which type of hypersensitivity involves soluble antigen-antibody complexes?
- type I
- type II
- type III
- type IV
What causes the delay in delayed hypersensitivity?
- inflammation
- cytokine release
- recruitment of immune cells
- histamine release
Which of the following is a critical feature of immediate hypersensitivity?
- inflammation
- cytotoxic T cells
- recruitment of immune cells
- histamine release
Which of the following is an autoimmune disease of the heart?
- rheumatoid arthritis
- lupus
- rheumatic fever
- Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
What drug is used to counteract the effects of anaphylactic shock?
- epinephrine
- antihistamines
- antibiotics
- aspirin
Which of the following terms means “many genes”?
- polymorphism
- polygeny
- polypeptide
- multiple alleles
Why do we have natural antibodies?
- We don’t know why.
- immunity to environmental bacteria
- immunity to transplants
- from clonal selection
Which type of cancer is associated with HIV disease?
- Kaposi’s sarcoma
- melanoma
- lymphoma
- renal cell carcinoma
How does cyclosporine A work?
- suppresses antibodies
- suppresses T cells
- suppresses macrophages
- suppresses neutrophils
What disease is associated with bone marrow transplants?
- diabetes mellitus type I
- melanoma
- headache
- graft-versus-host disease