23.12: Review Questions
- Page ID
- 69391
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)Which of these organs is not considered an accessory digestive structure?
- mouth
- salivary glands
- pancreas
- liver
Which of the following organs is supported by a layer of adventitia rather than serosa?
- esophagus
- stomach
- small intestine
- large intestine
Which of the following membranes covers the stomach?
- falciform ligament
- mesocolon
- parietal peritoneum
- visceral peritoneum
Which of these processes occurs in the mouth?
- ingestion
- mechanical digestion
- chemical digestion
- all of the above
Which of these processes occurs throughout most of the alimentary canal?
- ingestion
- propulsion
- segmentation
- absorption
Which of the following stimuli activates sensors in the walls of digestive organs?
- breakdown products of digestion
- distension
- pH of chyme
- all of the above
Which of these statements about reflexes in the GI tract is false?
- Short reflexes are provoked by nerves near the GI tract.
- Short reflexes are mediated by the enteric nervous system.
- Food that distends the stomach initiates long reflexes.
- Long reflexes can be provoked by stimuli originating outside the GI tract.
Which of these ingredients in saliva is responsible for activating salivary amylase?
- mucus
- phosphate ions
- chloride ions
- urea
Which of these statements about the pharynx is true?
- It extends from the nasal and oral cavities superiorly to the esophagus anteriorly.
- The oropharynx is continuous superiorly with the nasopharynx.
- The nasopharynx is involved in digestion.
- The laryngopharynx is composed partially of cartilage.
Which structure is located where the esophagus penetrates the diaphragm?
- esophageal hiatus
- cardiac orifice
- upper esophageal sphincter
- lower esophageal sphincter
Which phase of deglutition involves contraction of the longitudinal muscle layer of the muscularis?
- voluntary phase
- buccal phase
- pharyngeal phase
- esophageal phase
Which of these cells secrete hormones?
- parietal cells
- mucous neck cells
- enteroendocrine cells
- chief cells
Where does the majority of chemical digestion in the stomach occur?
- fundus and body
- cardia and fundus
- body and pylorus
- body
During gastric emptying, chyme is released into the duodenum through the ________.
- esophageal hiatus
- pyloric antrum
- pyloric canal
- pyloric sphincter
Parietal cells secrete ________.
- gastrin
- hydrochloric acid
- pepsin
- pepsinogen
In which part of the alimentary canal does most digestion occur?
- stomach
- proximal small intestine
- distal small intestine
- ascending colon
Which of these is most associated with villi?
- haustra
- lacteals
- bacterial flora
- intestinal glands
What is the role of the small intestine’s MALT?
- secreting mucus
- buffering acidic chyme
- activating pepsin
- preventing bacteria from entering the bloodstream
Which part of the large intestine attaches to the appendix?
- cecum
- ascending colon
- transverse colon
- descending colon
Which of these statements about bile is true?
- About 500 mL is secreted daily.
- Its main function is the denaturation of proteins.
- It is synthesized in the gallbladder.
- Bile salts are recycled.
Pancreatic juice ________.
- deactivates bile.
- is secreted by pancreatic islet cells.
- buffers chyme.
- is released into the cystic duct.
Where does the chemical digestion of starch begin?
- mouth
- esophagus
- stomach
- small intestine
Which of these is involved in the chemical digestion of protein?
- pancreatic amylase
- trypsin
- sucrase
- pancreatic nuclease
Where are most fat-digesting enzymes produced?
- small intestine
- gallbladder
- liver
- pancreas
Which of these nutrients is absorbed mainly in the duodenum?
- glucose
- iron
- sodium
- water