25.14: Review Questions
- Page ID
- 69420
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)Diabetes insipidus or diabetes mellitus would most likely be indicated by ________.
- anuria
- polyuria
- oliguria
- none of the above
The color of urine is determined mainly by ________.
- diet
- filtration rate
- byproducts of red blood cell breakdown
- filtration efficiency
Production of less than 50 mL/day of urine is called ________.
- normal
- polyuria
- oliguria
- anuria
Peristaltic contractions occur in the ________.
- urethra
- bladder
- ureters
- urethra, bladder, and ureters
Somatic motor neurons must be ________ to relax the external urethral sphincter to allow urination.
- stimulated
- inhibited
Which part of the urinary system is not completely retroperitoneal?
- kidneys
- ureters
- bladder
- nephrons
The renal pyramids are separated from each other by extensions of the renal cortex called ________.
- renal medulla
- minor calyces
- medullary cortices
- renal columns
The primary structure found within the medulla is the ________.
- loop of Henle
- minor calyces
- portal system
- ureter
The right kidney is slightly lower because ________.
- it is displaced by the liver
- it is displace by the heart
- it is slightly smaller
- it needs protection of the lower ribs
Blood filtrate is captured in the lumen of the ________.
- glomerulus
- Bowman’s capsule
- calyces
- renal papillae
What are the names of the capillaries following the efferent arteriole?
- arcuate and medullary
- interlobar and interlobular
- peritubular and vasa recta
- peritubular and medullary
The functional unit of the kidney is called ________.
- the renal hilus
- the renal corpuscle
- the nephron
- Bowman’s capsule
________ pressure must be greater on the capillary side of the filtration membrane to achieve filtration.
- Osmotic
- Hydrostatic
Production of urine to modify plasma makeup is the result of ________.
- filtration
- absorption
- secretion
- filtration, absorption, and secretion
Systemic blood pressure must stay above 60 so that the proper amount of filtration occurs.
- true
- false
Aquaporin channels are only found in the collecting duct.
- true
- false
Most absorption and secretion occurs in this part of the nephron.
- proximal convoluted tubule
- descending loop of Henle
- ascending loop of Henle
- distal convoluted tubule
- collecting ducts
The fine tuning of water recovery or disposal occurs in ________.
- the proximal convoluted tubule
- the collecting ducts
- the ascending loop of Henle
- the distal convoluted tubule
Vasodilation of blood vessels to the kidneys is due to ________.
- more frequent action potentials
- less frequent action potentials
When blood pressure increases, blood vessels supplying the kidney will ________ to mount a steady rate of filtration.
- contract
- relax
Which of these three paracrine chemicals cause vasodilation?
- ATP
- adenosine
- nitric oxide
What hormone directly opposes the actions of natriuretic hormones?
- renin
- nitric oxide
- dopamine
- aldosterone
Which of these is a vasoconstrictor?
- nitric oxide
- natriuretic hormone
- bradykinin
- angiotensin II
What signal causes the heart to secrete atrial natriuretic hormone?
- increased blood pressure
- decreased blood pressure
- increased Na+ levels
- decreased Na+ levels
Which of these beverages does not have a diuretic effect?
- tea
- coffee
- alcohol
- milk
Progesterone can bind to receptors for which hormone that, when released, activates water retention?
- aldosterone
- ADH
- PTH
- ANH
Renin is released in response to ________.
- increased blood pressure
- decreased blood pressure
- ACE
- diuretics
Which step in vitamin D production does the kidney perform?
- converts cholecalciferol into calcidiol
- converts calcidiol into calcitriol
- stores vitamin D
- none of these
Which hormone does the kidney produce that stimulates red blood cell production?
- thrombopoietin
- vitamin D
- EPO
- renin
If there were no aquaporin channels in the collecting duct, ________.
- you would develop systemic edema
- you would retain excess Na+
- you would lose vitamins and electrolytes
- you would suffer severe dehydration