Key Terms Chapter 26: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance
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- 62678
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- antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
- also known as vasopressin, a hormone that increases the volume of water reabsorbed from the collecting tubules of the kidney
- dehydration
- state of containing insufficient water in blood and other tissues
- dihydroxyvitamin D
- active form of vitamin D required by the intestinal epithelial cells for the absorption of calcium
- diuresis
- excess production of urine
- extracellular fluid (ECF)
- fluid exterior to cells; includes the interstitial fluid, blood plasma, and fluids found in other reservoirs in the body
- fluid compartment
- fluid inside all cells of the body constitutes a compartment system that is largely segregated from other systems
- hydrostatic pressure
- pressure exerted by a fluid against a wall, caused by its own weight or pumping force
- hypercalcemia
- abnormally increased blood levels of calcium
- hypercapnia
- abnormally elevated blood levels of CO2
- hyperchloremia
- higher-than-normal blood chloride levels
- hyperkalemia
- higher-than-normal blood potassium levels
- hypernatremia
- abnormal increase in blood sodium levels
- hyperphosphatemia
- abnormally increased blood phosphate levels
- hypocalcemia
- abnormally low blood levels of calcium
- hypocapnia
- abnormally low blood levels of CO2
- hypochloremia
- lower-than-normal blood chloride levels
- hypokalemia
- abnormally decreased blood levels of potassium
- hyponatremia
- lower-than-normal levels of sodium in the blood
- hypophosphatemia
- abnormally low blood phosphate levels
- interstitial fluid (IF)
- fluid in the small spaces between cells not contained within blood vessels
- intracellular fluid (ICF)
- fluid in the cytosol of cells
- metabolic acidosis
- condition wherein a deficiency of bicarbonate causes the blood to be overly acidic
- metabolic alkalosis
- condition wherein an excess of bicarbonate causes the blood to be overly alkaline
- plasma osmolality
- ratio of solutes to a volume of solvent in the plasma; plasma osmolality reflects a person’s state of hydration
- respiratory acidosis
- condition wherein an excess of carbonic acid or CO2 causes the blood to be overly acidic
- respiratory alkalosis
- condition wherein a deficiency of carbonic acid/CO2 levels causes the blood to be overly alkaline