19: Intervention costing and economic analysis
- Page ID
- 13262
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- 19.1: Introduction to intervention costing and economic analysis
- This book is focused on intervention trials in which the effectiveness of some new or modified intervention is compared with a control intervention, which would generally be the currently used intervention for a particular disease or condition.
- 19.2: Types of economic analyses
- The main types of economic analyses are cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA), cost-utility analysis (CUA), and cost-benefit analyses (CBA). How the results of these different kinds of analysis are expressed is shown in Table 19.1. CEA and CUA are those most commonly used in the analysis of health interventions. The problem with CBA is that it requires putting a monetary value on a life saved.
- 19.3: Framing the analysis
- For all types of economic analyses, the perspective, range of inputs and outcomes, and the time frame of all components of the interventions and of their effects should be comparable and explicitly stated.
- 19.4: Health intervention costs
- When planning to obtain cost information in the context of an intervention trial, it is important to plan and budget for the collection of cost data as an integral part of the trial design. While it is usually possible to carry out an economic analysis with retrospective estimation of costs at the end of the trial, this is likely to be less satisfactory than if the cost data are obtained concurrently.
- 19.5: Presentation of results
- The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) is a common way of summarizing results from a cost-effectiveness study (expressed as the ratio of two differences in costs and in effects of the alternative interventions):
- 19.6: Generalizability
- Results of economic evaluations in trials are subject to several sources of uncertainty.
- 19.7: Modelling
- The cost-effectiveness measured within the trial follow-up period may be substantially different from what would have been observed with longer follow-up.
- 19.8: Publication of findings
- The impact of a publication on health practice and policy is likely to be strengthened if the results of an economic analysis are included in the main publication from an intervention trial itself.