10.6: Key Terms
- Page ID
- 105269
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)- arterial blood sampling
- blood is obtained via puncture into an artery
- bronchoscopy collection
- invasive procedure where a thin, flexible tube with a camera is inserted into the airways, and sputum samples are collected from specific areas within the respiratory system
- butterfly needle
- winged infusion set with a vacutainer attached
- capillary blood collection
- obtaining blood from capillaries
- catheterized urine sample
- a catheter is inserted into the bladder to obtain a urine sample directly from the bladder
- clean-catch urine sample
- patient is instructed to start urinating into the toilet, stop briefly, and then continue urinating into the collection container; most common method of urine collection
- complete urinalysis
- examines the physical, chemical, and microscopic composition of a sample of urine
- dipstick
- special test strip containing chemically infused pads
- fecal occult blood card
- card containing a testing area that changes color when it comes into contact with blood
- fecal occult blood test (FOBT)
- test used to detect small amounts of blood in the stool
- feces (also, stool or bowel movement)
- solid waste product that is expelled from the body through the rectum and anus during the process of defecation
- first morning void (FMV) sample
- collecting the first urine voided in the morning
- hematochezia
- bloody stool
- hematuria
- blood in the urine
- induced sputum collection
- a hypertonic saline or other aerosolized agent is used to induce sputum production
- lancet
- device used to puncture the skin to collect a capillary blood sample
- melena
- dark, tarry stools, often associated with upper gastrointestinal bleeding
- multiple-draw needle
- needle that connects to a separate vacutainer
- nasal swab
- a swab is used to collect a sample from the inside of the nasal passage
- nasopharyngeal swab
- a swab is used to collect a sample from the nasopharynx, which is the upper part of the throat that connects to the back of the nasal cavity
- nasotracheal suction collection
- a nasotracheal suction catheter is used to collect sputum directly from the lower respiratory tract
- occult blood
- blood that is hidden from plain sight
- oropharyngeal swab
- a swab is used to collect a sample from the oropharynx, which is the part of the throat at the back of the mouth
- pediatric collection device
- a urine collection bag for infants and young children
- plasma
- the dominant component of blood that contains water, proteins, electrolytes, lipids, and glucose
- random stool sample
- a single stool sample collected at any time without specific timing or preparation
- random urine sample
- a urine sample collected at any time without specific timing or preparation
- reference range
- includes typical values for a specific laboratory test
- spontaneous sputum collection
- patient coughs up sputum into a sterile container
- sputum
- mucus and other secretions that are coughed up from the mouth
- sputum trap
- a specialized collection device that attaches to the patient’s breathing equipment (such as ventilators) to collect sputum samples
- steatorrhea
- fat in the stool
- stool culture
- used to identify and isolate specific bacteria or pathogens causing gastrointestinal infections
- stool fat test
- used to measure the amount of fat in the stool
- stool for Clostridium difficile (C. diff) toxin
- detects the presence of C. difficile toxins in the stool
- stool for ova and parasites (O&P)
- testing used to identify the presence of parasites or their eggs in the stool
- stool specimen (also, fecal specimen or fecal sample)
- a sample of feces (solid waste) collected from a person for laboratory analysis
- suprapubic aspiration
- invasive method involving using a needle and syringe to aspirate urine directly from the bladder through the abdominal wall
- therapeutic range
- includes target values for certain tests when managing specific conditions
- three-day stool collection
- stool samples are collected over a period of three consecutive days
- timed urine collection
- collect urine at specific times throughout the day
- tourniquet
- tightly tied band applied around a limb to temporarily constrict or restrict blood flow
- turbidity
- cloudiness or haziness
- twenty-four-hour urine collection
- collection of all urine produced over a twenty-four-hour period
- urinary casts
- small particles shaped like a tube that may contain different types of cells or substances
- vacutainer adapter
- a plastic device that holds the vacutainer tube in place and connects to the needle for blood collection
- vacutainer needle
- a needle with a built-in vacutainer adapter
- vacutainer tube
- a sterile, color-coded tube used to collect and transport a blood sample
- venipuncture
- the process of introducing a needle into a patient’s vein to collect a blood sample or insert an IV catheter