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arterial blood sampling
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blood is obtained via puncture into an artery
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bronchoscopy collection
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invasive procedure where a thin, flexible tube with a camera is inserted into the airways, and sputum samples are collected from specific areas within the respiratory system
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butterfly needle
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winged infusion set with a vacutainer attached
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capillary blood collection
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obtaining blood from capillaries
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catheterized urine sample
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a catheter is inserted into the bladder to obtain a urine sample directly from the bladder
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clean-catch urine sample
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patient is instructed to start urinating into the toilet, stop briefly, and then continue urinating into the collection container; most common method of urine collection
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complete urinalysis
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examines the physical, chemical, and microscopic composition of a sample of urine
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dipstick
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special test strip containing chemically infused pads
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fecal occult blood card
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card containing a testing area that changes color when it comes into contact with blood
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fecal occult blood test (FOBT)
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test used to detect small amounts of blood in the stool
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feces (also, stool or bowel movement)
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solid waste product that is expelled from the body through the rectum and anus during the process of defecation
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first morning void (FMV) sample
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collecting the first urine voided in the morning
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hematochezia
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bloody stool
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hematuria
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blood in the urine
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induced sputum collection
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a hypertonic saline or other aerosolized agent is used to induce sputum production
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lancet
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device used to puncture the skin to collect a capillary blood sample
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melena
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dark, tarry stools, often associated with upper gastrointestinal bleeding
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multiple-draw needle
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needle that connects to a separate vacutainer
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nasal swab
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a swab is used to collect a sample from the inside of the nasal passage
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nasopharyngeal swab
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a swab is used to collect a sample from the nasopharynx, which is the upper part of the throat that connects to the back of the nasal cavity
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nasotracheal suction collection
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a nasotracheal suction catheter is used to collect sputum directly from the lower respiratory tract
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occult blood
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blood that is hidden from plain sight
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oropharyngeal swab
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a swab is used to collect a sample from the oropharynx, which is the part of the throat at the back of the mouth
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pediatric collection device
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a urine collection bag for infants and young children
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plasma
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the dominant component of blood that contains water, proteins, electrolytes, lipids, and glucose
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random stool sample
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a single stool sample collected at any time without specific timing or preparation
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random urine sample
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a urine sample collected at any time without specific timing or preparation
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reference range
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includes typical values for a specific laboratory test
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spontaneous sputum collection
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patient coughs up sputum into a sterile container
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sputum
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mucus and other secretions that are coughed up from the mouth
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sputum trap
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a specialized collection device that attaches to the patient’s breathing equipment (such as ventilators) to collect sputum samples
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steatorrhea
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fat in the stool
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stool culture
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used to identify and isolate specific bacteria or pathogens causing gastrointestinal infections
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stool fat test
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used to measure the amount of fat in the stool
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stool for
Clostridium difficile
(
C. diff
) toxin
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detects the presence of
C. difficile
toxins in the stool
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stool for ova and parasites (O&P)
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testing used to identify the presence of parasites or their eggs in the stool
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stool specimen (also, fecal specimen or fecal sample)
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a sample of feces (solid waste) collected from a person for laboratory analysis
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suprapubic aspiration
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invasive method involving using a needle and syringe to aspirate urine directly from the bladder through the abdominal wall
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therapeutic range
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includes target values for certain tests when managing specific conditions
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three-day stool collection
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stool samples are collected over a period of three consecutive days
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timed urine collection
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collect urine at specific times throughout the day
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tourniquet
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tightly tied band applied around a limb to temporarily constrict or restrict blood flow
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turbidity
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cloudiness or haziness
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twenty-four-hour urine collection
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collection of all urine produced over a twenty-four-hour period
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urinary casts
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small particles shaped like a tube that may contain different types of cells or substances
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vacutainer adapter
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a plastic device that holds the vacutainer tube in place and connects to the needle for blood collection
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vacutainer needle
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a needle with a built-in vacutainer adapter
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vacutainer tube
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a sterile, color-coded tube used to collect and transport a blood sample
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venipuncture
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the process of introducing a needle into a patient’s vein to collect a blood sample or insert an IV catheter