18.7.0: Review Questions
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Review Questions
1 .
What laboratory result is indicative of hypercapnia?
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PaO 2 68 mm Hg
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PaCO 2 24 mm Hg
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HCO 3 24 mEq/L
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PaCO 2 50 mm Hg
2 .
Diffusion works by which method of molecular movement?
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Molecules move from the intravascular space to the surrounding tissue.
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Movement of molecules is from interstitial to intravascular space.
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Molecular movement is from high to low concentration along a gradient.
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Molecules are moved across a filter by expenditure of ATP.
3 .
What substance is a powerful vasoconstrictor, synthesized by reactions of the kidneys and the lungs?
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aldosterone
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angiotensin II
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renin
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angiotensin I
4 .
What substance reduces alveolar surface tension, thereby preventing the collapse of alveoli?
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surfactant
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macrophage
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bradykinin
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prostaglandin
5 .
What patient’s respiratory status would a nurse in the emergency department be
most
concerned about?
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68-year-old with fifty-pack-year smoking history
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52-year-old with brainstem infarction
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45-year-old with right lower lobe pneumonia
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34-year-old with latent tuberculosis
6 .
A nursing student who is preparing to educate a patient on the use of the incentive spirometer practices by telling the preceptor the patient will be told to use what technique?
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“Inhale through the mouthpiece like a thick milkshake through a straw.”
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“Blow into the mouthpiece as hard as you can for as long as you can.”
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“Breathe in and out through the mouthpiece quickly ten times in ten seconds.”
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“Cough into the mouthpiece to see if the regulator rises to the goal.”
7 .
Norepinephrine enhances perfusion by what mechanism?
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dilates blood vessels
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produces hypotension
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causes vasoconstriction
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normalizes temperature
8 .
The combined processes of cellular respiration and gas exchange are referred to by what terminology?
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ventilation
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perfusion
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internal respiration
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Kreb cycle
9 .
The impulse of the normal cardiac electrical cycle travels from the SA node to the AV node, then to which structure?
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Purkinje fibers
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bundle of His
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ventricular wall
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interventricular septum
10 .
A nurse anticipates what symptom from a patient who has low CO?
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clammy skin
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clear mentation
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bradycardia
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robust pedal pulses
11 .
Metabolic syndrome is associated with what combination of diagnoses?
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hyperglycemia, central obesity, hypertension
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high triglycerides, high HDL, hyperglycemia
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hypertension and severe obesity
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high triglycerides, low HDL, hypoglycemia
12 .
Acid-base balance is reflected by what factor?
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PaCO 2
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pH
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PaO 2
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HCO 3
13 .
A nurse is educating a patient about lifestyle choices; what behavior is of most concern for respiratory implications?
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sedentary activity level
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high sodium intake
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150 minutes of moderate walking
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smoking
14 .
The amount and rate of inspiration and expiration of air are measured by what test?
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oximetry
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capnography
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spirometry
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PEFR
15 .
The telemetry nurse notices a patient’s HR has slowed to 45 beats/minute; upon reviewing the continuous ECG monitor, no P-waves are visible, but the QRS complexes are regular. The nurse prepares to call to inform the cardiologist of what suspected issue?
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The patient is in HF.
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An MI is occurring.
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A-fib has developed.
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The SA node is not firing.
16 .
A nurse reads a postintubation chest x-ray report that indicates a patient has subcutaneous emphysema in the anterior right chest, near the clavicle. What assessment finding should the nurse anticipate in this region?
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no breath sounds
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crepitus
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alkalosis
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wheezing
17 .
A patient is admitted for an acute-on-chronic exacerbation of emphysema. What powerful class of drugs does the nurse expect to be prescribed to treat the acute inflammatory process?
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decongestant
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expectorant
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corticosteroid
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antitussive
18 .
An unresponsive patient who is not breathing and whose cardiac rhythm is identified as VF is a candidate for what emergency intervention?
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cardioversion
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O 2 by CPAP
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IV sedation
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defibrillation
19 .
A patient with secretions in bilateral anterior upper lobes of the lungs has been taking guaifenesin, has undergone chest physiotherapy to include percussion of the upper anterior chest, and is now to be positioned for postural drainage. In what position will the nurse place the patient?
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Trendelenburg
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supine and flat
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prone
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high Fowler