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acyanotic
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cardiac defects that result in oxygen saturations of 90 percent or greater, with a left-to-right shunt
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apnea of prematurity (AOP)
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condition in which breathing stops for 15 to 20 seconds or more, shorter if associated with bradycardia or desaturation
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asocial stage
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general lack of attachment
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attachment
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more integral provision of a secure environment for the infant throughout their progression and exploration
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birth injury
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(also,
birth trauma)
any physical injury to a newborn caused by labor and delivery
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birth trauma
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(also,
birth injury)
any physical injury to a newborn caused by labor and delivery
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bonding
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infant and caregiver having experiences they enjoy together
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brachial plexus injury (BPI)
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injury resulting in paralysis involving muscles of the upper extremity due to trauma of C5 through T1
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bronchomalacia
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mobile cartilage in the airways; can cause airway collapse during exhalation
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bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)
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preterm respiratory disease with significant mortality and morbidity
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cardiorespiratory compromise
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apnea, bradycardia, or oxygen desaturation
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cleft lip
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and
cleft palate
a failure of the tissues to come together at the frontonasal and maxillary processes
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congenital disorder
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any disorder or abnormality present at birth
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congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV)
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(also,
clubfoot)
common congenital lower limb deformity
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cranial deformities
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congenital or genetic disorders that affect the development of the cranial anatomy resulting in abnormal form or function
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cyanotic
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cardiac defects that result in oxygen saturations less than 90 percent due to a right-to-left cardiac shunt
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drug-resistant seizure
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occurs when no AED is effective in stopping the recurrence of seizures
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dystocia
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slow, greater than 12 to 24 hours, or difficult labor or delivery
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Erb-Duchenne paralysis
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paralysis due to injury of the nerves C5 and C6 from pulling the head away from the shoulder during a difficult birth
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esophageal atresia (EA)
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(also,
tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF))
fetal development anomaly where the esophagus connects to the trachea
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extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)
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a life-support method involving a modified form of heart-lung bypass
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extremely preterm
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born at or before 25 weeks of pregnancy
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facial paralysis
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paralysis of cranial nerve 7, the facial nerve, from birth injury
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G-tube
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invasive tube placed directly into the stomach via interventional radiology or surgery
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gastroschisis
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common congenital abdominal wall defect where the abdominal contents are outside the abdomen
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gavage
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route for administering medications and/or liquids, including formula or breast milk, through a small tube placed through the nose or mouth to the stomach or small intestine
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genetic disorder
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any disorder caused by an abnormality in the genetic material, chromosomes, or the genes within the chromosomes
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hospice care
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specialized medical care for an infant nearing the end of life
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hypothermia
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measured auxiliary temperature below 36.5° C
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hypoxic ischemia (HI)
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death of tissue due to lack of oxygen to that area over a period of time
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indiscriminate stage
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where the 6-week-old to 6-month-old infant is interested in others but consolable by all
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intracerebellar hemorrhage
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bleeding in the cerebellar region
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intraventricular hemorrhage
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bleeding in the spaces (ventricles) and fluid-filled areas of the brain
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J-tube
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nasally placed tube that reaches beyond the gastric sphincter to the duodenum or jejunum of the small intestine to provide continuous feeds
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Klumpke palsy
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paralysis defined by the lower portion of the arm being flaccid with an absent grasp reflex, affecting nerves C8 to T1
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late preterm
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born between 34 and 36 completed weeks of pregnancy
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macrosomia
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size larger than expected for gestational age in a neonate
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meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS)
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respiratory distress in a newborn delivered with meconium-stained amniotic fluid with no other underlying reason for respiratory distress
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microcephaly
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head circumference at least two standard deviations below the average findings for someone of the same age and gender
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moderately preterm
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born between 32 and 34 weeks of pregnancy
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multiple stage
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infant 10 or more months old who has many attachments and persons who can console them
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murmur
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sound that is heard where turbulent blood flow occurs through a heart defect
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necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)
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ischemic necrosis of the intestinal mucosa
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neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS)
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occurs when the newborn has been exposed to drugs, legal or illegal, that are no longer available, resulting in withdrawal
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NG tube
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feeding tube placed in the infant’s nostril down to their stomach
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OG tube
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feeding tube placed in the infant’s mouth down to their stomach
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omphalocele
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common congenital abdominal wall defect where abdominal contents are held within a sac outside the abdomen
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persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN)
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elevated pulmonary pressures beyond that time period that the pulmonary vascular resistance is expected to decrease
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phrenic nerve paralysis
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paralysis of the diaphragm
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Ponseti method
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gold standard treatment for clubfoot serial manipulation of the foot and ankle with casting and percutaneous Achilles tenotomy followed by long-term use of a foot abduction brace
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positive pressure ventilation (PPV)
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positive pressure breaths given mechanically to improve ventilation
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postterm
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born after 42 weeks of gestation
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psychosocial assessment
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assessment to determine a family's mental health and social well-being; is performed by a social worker prior to discharge to identify and support any social or financial needs for the family
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respiratory distress
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a state when the increased efforts of breathing cannot meet ventilation and oxygenation demands
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respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)
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once known as hyaline membrane disease, is a common breathing disorder in preterm infants and newborns
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resuscitation
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external ventilation along with chest compressions
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sibling rivalry
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jealousy of the sibling
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specific stage
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usually only one person is able to console the infant
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subarachnoid hemorrhage
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bleeding within the subarachnoid space; occurs in full-term infants as a result of trauma and is the most common
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subdural hemorrhage
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bleeding within the subdural space
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Trisomy 13
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three copies of the chromosome 13
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Trisomy 18
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(also,
Edwards syndrome)
three copies of the chromosome 18
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Trisomy 21
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(also,
Down syndrome (DS))
primarily caused by trisomy of chromosome 21, which results in multiple systemic complications that make up the signs and symptoms of the syndrome
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Turner syndrome (TS)
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monosomy X is a random formation of reproductive cells in the parent giving birth to the person with the syndrome
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ventilation
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effective breaths that result in chest rise with air entry to the lungs
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very preterm
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born at less than 32 weeks of pregnancy