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adverse drug event (ADE)
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any harm to a client that occurs from exposure to a drug
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adverse drug reaction (ADR)
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a noxious, unintended, and undesired effect that occurs at normal doses of the drug
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Affordable Care Act (ACA)
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a law enacted in 2010 to make health insurance available to more Americans
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allergic reaction
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an immune response due to sensitivity to a substance that may cause itching and rash
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anaphylaxis
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a severe, life-threatening reaction causing serious bronchospasm and hypotension
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autonomy
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being independent and having the freedom to choose
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beneficence
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an ethical principle requiring an individual to “do good” to others
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computerized prescriber order entry (CPOE)
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the prescription or ordering of drugs through the electronic health record (EHR)
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confidentiality
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the assurance that the client will not have their personal health information (PHI) disclosed without their consent
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Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act
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a law enacted to improve the efficiency and quality of care through the adoption of electronic health records
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Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
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a law that protects the privacy and confidentiality of an individual and prevents insurance companies from refusing to cover those with preexisting conditions
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justice
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an ethical principle relating to clients’ fair and equitable treatment
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medication error
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any preventable event that may cause or lead to inappropriate medication use or client harm while the medication is in the control of the health care professional, client, or consumer
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nonmaleficence
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an ethical principle that holds that individuals have an obligation to do no harm to others
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protected health information (PHI)
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any information by which an individual can be identified (name, date of birth, Social Security number, phone number, address, etc.) as it relates to their health condition, provision of care, or payment
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side effects
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secondary drug effects at the therapeutic drug level (e.g., sedation that occurs with a benzodiazepine or opioid)
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veracity
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an ethical principle requiring an individual to tell the truth