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antithyroid drugs
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inhibit the thyroid hormone so that the body can maintain normal thyroid homeostasis
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bisphosphonates
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pyrophosphate analogues that inhibit bone resorption and increase bone density
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calcimimetics
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drugs that mimic the action of calcium in the parathyroid glands or other tissues
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calcitonin
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a hormone secreted by the thyroid gland that lowers blood calcium
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Chvostek sign
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a twitch of the facial muscles that occurs with gentle tapping of the cheek and in front of the ear
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dihydroxyvitamin D
3
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an active form of vitamin D
3
that increases uptake of calcium absorption in the intestine
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endocrine glands
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glands within the endocrine system that release hormones to control processes that occur within the body
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goiter
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an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland
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Graves’ disease
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an immune disorder that results in the overproduction of thyroid hormones
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Hashimoto thyroiditis
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an autoimmune disorder that involves chronic inflammation of the thyroid gland, resulting in hypothyroidism
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iodine
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a mineral that the body needs to produce thyroid hormones
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iodotyrosine
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an iodo-derivative of tyrosine that acts as an intermediary in the biosynthesis of thyroid hormone
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myxedema coma
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a rare life-threatening condition caused by advanced hypothyroidism that affects the body’s temperature, growth, heart rate, and metabolism
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organification
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the biochemical process that takes place in the thyroid gland, involving the incorporation of iodine into thyroglobulin for the production of thyroid hormone
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osteoclast
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a large multinucleated cell responsible for the dissolution and absorption of bone
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osteonecrosis
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the death of bone tissue due to a lack of blood supply
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osteoporosis
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a condition that leads to the loss of bone mass, which thereby weakens bone
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Paget’s disease
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a disease that disrupts the body’s normal bone recycling process of replacing old bone tissue with new bone tissue
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parathyroid hormone (PTH)
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a peptide hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands that regulates serum calcium within the body
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thyroglobulin
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a protein present in the thyroid gland from which thyroid hormones are synthesized
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thyroid drugs
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drugs that replace the thyroid hormone so that the body can maintain its normal function
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thyroid gland
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a butterfly-shaped gland located in front of the neck below the voice box that is responsible for metabolism and iodine homeostasis within the body
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thyroid storm (thyrotoxic crisis)
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a rare life-threatening condition that occurs when the thyroid gland releases too much thyroid hormone
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thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
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a hormone that stimulates the production of thyroxine and triiodothyronine; also known as thyrotropin
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thyroxine (T4)
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a hormone released by the thyroid gland that contains iodine and that increases the rate of chemical reactions within cells
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triiodothyronine (T3)
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a hormone released by the thyroid gland that plays a role in controlling the body’s metabolic rate, heart and digestive functions, muscle control, brain development and function, and bone maintenance
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Trousseau sign
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an involuntary contraction of the muscles in the hand and wrist