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anticholinergic effects
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common effects such as dry mouth, dry eyes, blurred vision, urinary retention, constipation, and cognitive dysfunction resulting from the blockade of cholinergic receptors
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antidiarrheals
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medications used to treat and manage diarrhea
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antiemetics
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medications that prevent or treat nausea and vomiting
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chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ)
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an area of neural receptors on the floor of the fourth ventricle of the brain within the dorsal surface of the medulla oblongata that communicates with the vomiting center for emesis
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extrapyramidal symptoms
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dysfunctional involuntary movements such as akathisia (restlessness and/or tapping or jiggling of fingers or legs), dystonia (painful involuntary muscle contractions), Parkinsonism (symptoms similar to Parkinson’s disease such as tremors, difficulty thinking and/or speaking, or stiff facial muscles), and tardive dyskinesia (involuntary facial movements such as eye blinking, sticking out tongue, and/or chewing or sucking motion)
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laxatives
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medications used to treat constipation
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phenothiazines
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a group of medications with antagonistic dopamine used as an antipsychotic or antiemetic
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stool softeners
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medications used to soften stools and ease defecation
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vomiting center
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an area in the central medulla of the brain innervating the vagus nerve and spinal motor neurons in conjunction with the CTZ to cause vomiting