4.7: Key Terms
- Page ID
- 91248
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)- burden of disease
- the impact of a health problem based on population health metrics, or indicators, that refer to valid, reliable, and comparable measures of health status
- disability-adjusted life years (DALYs)
- the sum of years lost to a disease or health condition (the YLLs and YLDs), with each DALY representing the loss of one year of full health
- Global Burden of Disease
- a study conducted by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) that reflects the current health care needs and challenges worldwide
- health
- a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
- health disparities
- preventable differences in experiencing diseases, injuries, or opportunities
- health equity
- the expectation that everyone has a fair opportunity to attain their highest level of health
- health indicators
- health-related measures of data that are used to quantify and track an individual’s health status
- health outcome
- a change in the health status of an individual, group, or population that is attributable to a planned intervention or series of interventions, regardless of whether such an intervention was intended to change health status
- health-related quality of life (HRQL)
- the perceived physical and mental well-being of an individual or group
- Healthy People 2030
- an initiative of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services to improve the health and well-being of all people in the United States that has produced a list of high-priority health issues and challenges focused on the year 2030
- incidence
- the number of new cases of a disease over a given time frame
- leading health indicators (LHIs)
- high-priority, modifiable issues addressing social determinants of health, health disparities, and health equity that have a significant effect on health outcomes
- morbidity
- the state of being symptomatic or unhealthy due to a disease or condition; usually represented or estimated using prevalence or incidence
- mortality rate
- the number of deaths in a specified time frame
- population health outcomes
- broad topics related to a larger group or target population, such as mortality rates, life expectancy rates, prevalence of chronic conditions, or quality of life
- prevalence
- the proportion of a population with a disease or condition over a given timeframe
- quality-adjusted life years (QALYs)
- the months or years of reasonable quality that an individual may gain following medical treatment for a condition
- social determinants of health (SDOH)
- non-health factors such as socioeconomic status, education, or environment that affect health
- sustainable development goals (SDGs)
- a call to action to address global challenges such as poverty, inequality, climate change, peace, and justice; aimed at all countries, including those that are developed and those that are developing
- well-being
- the subjective perception that life is going well; is important from a public health perspective, as it is an outcome
- years of healthy life lost due to disability (YLD)
- the number of healthy years one might lose from their life due to disability or sickness
- years of life lost (YLL)
- a measure of premature mortality that considers both the frequency of death and the age at which it occurs, calculated by multiplying number of deaths by a standard life expectancy