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burden of disease
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the impact of a health problem based on population health metrics, or indicators, that refer to valid, reliable, and comparable measures of health status
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disability-adjusted life years (DALYs)
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the sum of years lost to a disease or health condition (the YLLs and YLDs), with each DALY representing the loss of one year of full health
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Global Burden of Disease
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a study conducted by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) that reflects the current health care needs and challenges worldwide
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health
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a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
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health disparities
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preventable differences in experiencing diseases, injuries, or opportunities
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health equity
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the expectation that everyone has a fair opportunity to attain their highest level of health
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health indicators
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health-related measures of data that are used to quantify and track an individual’s health status
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health outcome
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a change in the health status of an individual, group, or population that is attributable to a planned intervention or series of interventions, regardless of whether such an intervention was intended to change health status
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health-related quality of life (HRQL)
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the perceived physical and mental well-being of an individual or group
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Healthy People 2030
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an initiative of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services to improve the health and well-being of all people in the United States that has produced a list of high-priority health issues and challenges focused on the year 2030
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incidence
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the number of new cases of a disease over a given time frame
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leading health indicators (LHIs)
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high-priority, modifiable issues addressing social determinants of health, health disparities, and health equity that have a significant effect on health outcomes
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morbidity
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the state of being symptomatic or unhealthy due to a disease or condition; usually represented or estimated using prevalence or incidence
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mortality rate
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the number of deaths in a specified time frame
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population health outcomes
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broad topics related to a larger group or target population, such as mortality rates, life expectancy rates, prevalence of chronic conditions, or quality of life
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prevalence
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the proportion of a population with a disease or condition over a given timeframe
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quality-adjusted life years (QALYs)
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the months or years of reasonable quality that an individual may gain following medical treatment for a condition
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social determinants of health (SDOH)
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non-health factors such as socioeconomic status, education, or environment that affect health
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sustainable development goals (SDGs)
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a call to action to address global challenges such as poverty, inequality, climate change, peace, and justice; aimed at all countries, including those that are developed and those that are developing
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well-being
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the subjective perception that life is going well; is important from a public health perspective, as it is an outcome
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years of healthy life lost due to disability (YLD)
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the number of healthy years one might lose from their life due to disability or sickness
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years of life lost (YLL)
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a measure of premature mortality that considers both the frequency of death and the age at which it occurs, calculated by multiplying number of deaths by a standard life expectancy