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allostatic load (AL)
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the body’s physiologic “wear and tear” due to an individual’s exposure to stressors that accumulate throughout the lifespan
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eugenics
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the erroneous theory that humans can be improved through selective breeding of populations
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health equity
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a condition in which everyone has a fair opportunity to attain their highest level of health
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internalized racism
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when members of a stigmatized race accept negative messages about their abilities and overall worth with self-devaluation, resignation, and hopelessness
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Jim Crow era
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a period during which laws perpetuating institutional racism and the denial of Black Americans’ constitutional rights were enforced across the southern United States, lasted from 1877 to about 1965
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mass incarceration
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extreme rates of incarceration, particularly affecting large numbers of young Black men, in the U.S. prison system
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occupational segregation
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the practice of separating workers by race into certain industries, resulting in a disproportionate representation of one race in a sector of the workforce
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personally mediated racism
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prejudice and discrimination where individuals or communities make assumptions about other individuals or communities based solely on race
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racial profiling
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assuming or suspecting a person of criminal behavior based on race alone
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racism
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the unfair treatment of individuals based on race
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redlining
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the system of denying borrowers access to mortgage loans based on the location of properties in disadvantaged neighborhoods that were often comprised of minority populations
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residential racial segregation
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the practice of keeping racial communities separate based on where people live
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restrictive racial covenants
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racist restrictions that prevented Black individuals from homeownership through a legal agreement initiated by prior homeowners
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scientific racism
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belief that White Europeans are superior to non-White people
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structural racism
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a process resulting in a gap in access to societal opportunities based on race that results in institutional policies, systems, laws, and practices that limit opportunities, resources, and power
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white flight
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the White American exodus from the cities to the suburbs, leaving BIPOC individuals behind, that occurred during the 1950s