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cognitive-behavioral theories
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theories at the intrapersonal and interpersonal level that share three common concepts: behavior is mediated by cognition, knowledge is necessary for behavior change, and perceptions, motivations, skill, and the social environment influence behavior
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Diffusion of Innovations Theory
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a model for behavior change that addresses how new ideas, products, and social practices spread within an organization, community, or society or from one society to another
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disease prevention
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specific interventions geared toward decreasing the burden of both communicable and noncommunicable diseases and their associated risk factors
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enabling factors
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internal and external conditions that help individuals or populations adopt and maintain healthy or unhealthy behaviors or lifestyle, or embrace or reject particular environmental conditions
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health promotion
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the process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health
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health promotion setting
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the place or social context in which people engage in daily activities, in which environmental, organizational, and personal factors interact to affect health and well-being
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high-risk approach
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an approach to prevention that targets prevention only to those who are identified to be at high risk for disease
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infodemic
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an overabundance of information, including misinformation, that surges during a health emergency
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intersectoral
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involving several sectors of society, such as health, education, housing, any level of government, and nongovernmental organizations
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intrapersonal-level
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individual-level
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natural history of disease
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the progression of a disease process in an individual over time
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Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion
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provided a common, socio-ecologic definition of health promotion in 1986
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population approach
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an approach to prevention that implements strategies across an entire population, regardless of individuals' risk levels
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predisposing factor
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intellectual and emotional “givens” that tend to make individuals or populations more or less likely to adopt a healthy or risky behavior or lifestyle or to approve of or accept particular environmental conditions
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preventive care
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routine health care including screenings, check-ups, and counseling to prevent illness, disease, or health-related problems
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primary prevention
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actions aimed at avoiding the effects of disease
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primordial prevention
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actions aimed at preventing the development of risk factors for disease
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reinforcing factors
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the people and community attitudes that support adopting healthy behaviors or fostering healthy environmental conditions
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secondary prevention
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actions that emphasize early disease detection and target healthy-appearing individuals with subclinical forms of disease
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social cognitive theory
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an interpersonal model for behavior change that describes the influence of experiences, actions of others, and environmental factors on the health behaviors of an individual
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social listening
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the process of gathering information about people’s questions and concerns and circulating narratives and misinformation about health from online and offline data sources
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tertiary prevention
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targets both the clinical and outcomes stages of disease; actions are implemented in symptomatic individuals with the aim to reduce the severity of disease and any associated sequelae