15.6: Key Terms
- Page ID
- 91339
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)- cognitive-behavioral theories
- theories at the intrapersonal and interpersonal level that share three common concepts: behavior is mediated by cognition, knowledge is necessary for behavior change, and perceptions, motivations, skill, and the social environment influence behavior
- Diffusion of Innovations Theory
- a model for behavior change that addresses how new ideas, products, and social practices spread within an organization, community, or society or from one society to another
- disease prevention
- specific interventions geared toward decreasing the burden of both communicable and noncommunicable diseases and their associated risk factors
- enabling factors
- internal and external conditions that help individuals or populations adopt and maintain healthy or unhealthy behaviors or lifestyle, or embrace or reject particular environmental conditions
- health promotion
- the process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health
- health promotion setting
- the place or social context in which people engage in daily activities, in which environmental, organizational, and personal factors interact to affect health and well-being
- high-risk approach
- an approach to prevention that targets prevention only to those who are identified to be at high risk for disease
- infodemic
- an overabundance of information, including misinformation, that surges during a health emergency
- intersectoral
- involving several sectors of society, such as health, education, housing, any level of government, and nongovernmental organizations
- intrapersonal-level
- individual-level
- natural history of disease
- the progression of a disease process in an individual over time
- Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion
- provided a common, socio-ecologic definition of health promotion in 1986
- population approach
- an approach to prevention that implements strategies across an entire population, regardless of individuals' risk levels
- predisposing factor
- intellectual and emotional “givens” that tend to make individuals or populations more or less likely to adopt a healthy or risky behavior or lifestyle or to approve of or accept particular environmental conditions
- preventive care
- routine health care including screenings, check-ups, and counseling to prevent illness, disease, or health-related problems
- primary prevention
- actions aimed at avoiding the effects of disease
- primordial prevention
- actions aimed at preventing the development of risk factors for disease
- reinforcing factors
- the people and community attitudes that support adopting healthy behaviors or fostering healthy environmental conditions
- secondary prevention
- actions that emphasize early disease detection and target healthy-appearing individuals with subclinical forms of disease
- social cognitive theory
- an interpersonal model for behavior change that describes the influence of experiences, actions of others, and environmental factors on the health behaviors of an individual
- social listening
- the process of gathering information about people’s questions and concerns and circulating narratives and misinformation about health from online and offline data sources
- tertiary prevention
- targets both the clinical and outcomes stages of disease; actions are implemented in symptomatic individuals with the aim to reduce the severity of disease and any associated sequelae