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biases
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prejudicial attitudes or preconceptions that act as filters to the way one perceives, interprets, and reacts to the world
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cultural awareness
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the state of examining and exploring one’s cultural background, beliefs, and biases and consciously avoiding these biases when interacting with clients from other cultures
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cultural competemility
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the combination of cultural competence and cultural humility in a synergistic process that infuses cultural humility into the five components of the Campinha-Bacote process of cultural competence model, encouraging health care professionals to be culturally humble in the delivery of health care services (Campinha-Bacote, 2018)
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cultural competence
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the attitudes, knowledge, and skills necessary for providing quality care to diverse populations (American Association of Colleges of Nursing, 2008)
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cultural desire
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in the Campinha-Bacote process of cultural competence model, the motivation to engage in the process of becoming culturally competent and the commitment to providing culturally responsive care
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cultural encounters
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in the Campinha-Bacote process of cultural competence model, deliberate interactions with clients from different cultural backgrounds intended to modify or refine one’s existing beliefs about one’s own culture and help prevent stereotyping
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cultural humility
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acknowledging, respecting, and valuing cultural differences by taking responsibility for one’s own perceptions and ideas; cultivating a deep respect for all cultures represented; and striving to learn more about and understand different people’s perspectives
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cultural identity
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the unique combination of beliefs, values, attitudes, behaviors, customs, practices, experiences, and language that make up an individual’s sense of belonging to a particular group or culture
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cultural knowledge
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in the Campinha-Bacote process of cultural competence model, the foundation for understanding the diversity of cultural groups
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cultural skill
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in the Campinha-Bacote process of cultural competence model, the ability to collect relevant cultural data in a culturally appropriate manner, perform culturally sensitive assessments, and understand how biological and physiologic variations can influence the accuracy of the data
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culturally and linguistically appropriate services (CLAS)
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services that emphasize the importance of tailoring health care to an individual’s cultural and language preferences, respecting and responding to the health needs and preferences of all individuals to achieve health equity, and ensuring that everyone has access to high-quality care
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culturally congruent care
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care that is meaningful to, and aligns with, a client’s or population’s health beliefs and behaviors (Leininger, 1991, 1999)
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culturally responsive care
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the process of providing care to individuals or populations while fully considering their cultural backgrounds, values, and preferences; involves actively making sure that all aspects of health care are tailored to the needs and beliefs of the specific population
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explicit bias
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overt prejudicial attitudes or preconceptions that exist at a conscious, intentional level and are often expressed verbally
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high-context culture
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a communication style that relies more on nonverbal cues, context, and relationships between people than on verbal language, meaning that words alone may not convey the full meaning of a message
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implicit bias
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a type of prejudice that unconsciously affects a person’s behavior, decisions, and attitudes, even if it contradicts their expressed beliefs and values
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interpretation
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a process that occurs during oral communication in which the words spoken in one language are rendered into another spoken language in real time
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Inventory for Assessing the Process of Cultural Competence Among Healthcare Professionals Revised (IAPCC-R)
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a tool used to assess the cultural competence of health care professionals according to the five constructs of Campinha-Bacote’s model
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linguistic competence
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the knowledge, attitudes, and skills that enable nurses to care and advocate for clients who communicate in a language other than the one most commonly spoken or understood in the service setting
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low literacy
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the inability to read, write, and comprehend basic information
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low-context culture
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a direct communication style that uses clear and explicit language
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othering
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the process of excluding, marginalizing, or differentiating individuals or groups based on their perceived differences from the dominant group in a society
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self-awareness
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a process that involves understanding one’s own values and beliefs, how they are influenced by one’s cultural background, and how they influence one’s perceptions and behaviors
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stereotyping
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the act of ascribing certain characteristics or behaviors to a person based on their membership in a particular group
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Transcultural Self-Efficacy Tool (TSET)
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a scale consisting of 83 items in the cognitive, practical, and affective categories that is designed to measure the confidence of nurses and nursing students in providing transcultural nursing care (Jeffreys & Dogan, 2010)
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translation
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a process in which written text in one language is converted to written text in another language