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abusive head trauma (AHT)
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a preventable, severe form of physical child abuse that results in injury to the brain of an infant or child; includes shaken baby syndrome
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ageism
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discrimination against older people because of negative and inaccurate stereotyping
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alcohol-related birth defects (ARBD)
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congenital disorders due to FASD in which the infant may have problems with the heart, kidneys, bones, and/or hearing
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alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND)
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an FASD in which the infant may experience intellectual disabilities and/or problems with behavior and learning; may have difficulties in school, particularly with math, memory, attention, and judgment, as well as poor impulse control
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code-switching
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the mixing of two languages during a conversation that often occurs in dual language learners
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concussion
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a traumatic brain injury caused by a bump, blow, or jolt to the head or body, which causes the person to experience any of a defined set of signs or symptoms
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developmental disabilities
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a group of conditions due to an impairment in physical, learning, language, or behavior areas, which begin during the developmental period, may impact day-to-day functioning, and usually last throughout the lifetime
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dual language learners (DLLs)
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children who are learning two or more languages simultaneously or learning a second language while still learning their first language
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elder abuse
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an intentional act or failure to act that causes or creates a risk of harm to an older adult
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family engagement
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the process used to build genuine relationships with families to promote strong parent-child relationships, family well-being, and better outcomes for children and families
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fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs)
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a group of conditions that can occur in a person who was exposed to alcohol before birth
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fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)
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an FASD in which the infant exhibits central nervous system (CNS) problems, minor facial features, growth problems, or problems with learning, memory, attention span, communication, vision, and/or hearing; may have difficulties in school and trouble getting along with others
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gestational diabetes
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diabetes that can develop during pregnancy; caused when the body cannot make enough insulin to meet its needs during pregnancy
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infant mortality rate
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the number of children dying under 1 year of age divided by the number of live births that year
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low birth weight (LBW)
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a newborn weighing less than 2,500 grams at birth
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multiple gestation
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the term for pregnancy with twins, triplets, or more fetuses
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neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS)
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a treatable condition that occurs in newborns exposed to certain drugs, particularly opioids, in utero
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neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS)
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a term used specifically to describe the symptoms experienced by infants exposed to opioids in utero
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neurobehavioral disorder associated with prenatal alcohol exposure (ND-PAE)
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an FASD in which the delivering client must have consumed more than 13 alcoholic drinks per month of pregnancy (that is, any 30-day period of pregnancy) or more than two alcoholic drinks in one setting, and the child must have problems in three defined areas
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obesity
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adult body mass index (BMI) of 30 or higher
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preeclampsia
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a sudden spike in a pregnant client’s high blood pressure
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preterm birth
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when a baby is born before 37 weeks of pregnancy
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sexual risk behavior
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any sexual behavior (typically condom-unprotected oral, vaginal, or anal intercourse) that puts one at risk for one or more defined adverse health outcomes
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sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
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the sudden, unexpected death of a baby less than 1 year old that does not have a known cause even after full investigation
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sudden unexpected infant death (SUID)
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umbrella category for all sudden, unexpected infant deaths from known causes, such as injury or accident, and those from unknown causes