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Iron deficiency anemia, characterized by low hemoglobin concentration and microcytic red blood cells, is the most common nutritional blood disorder in young children, pregnant women, and older adults.
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Nutrient-related hematologic disorders include vitamin B
12
deficiency, vitamins C, K, and D deficiency, and folate deficiency.
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Delays in diagnosing excessive or deficient nutritional intake can lead to hematologic abnormalities resulting in life-threatening conditions. Accurate assessment of the client’s nutritional status with early intervention gives clients the best chance for recovery.
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Acute and long-term illnesses such as trauma, burns, cancer, lung disease, and immune dysfunction require even higher protein and micronutrient intake to restore homeostasis during the healing stage.
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Aging adults are susceptible to nutrient-deficient blood abnormalities because of decreased production of hormones and red blood cells and a decreased appetite/food intake related to delayed gastric emptying, changes in papillae, and declining oral health.
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Use of the TTM for nutrition educational interventions can provide clients a degree of motivation for successful restoration of hematologic wellness.