10.6: Fat-Soluble Vitamins Summary
- Page ID
- 44003
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Fat-Soluble Vitamins
Vitamin | Food Sources | Recommended Intake for Adults | Major Functions | Deficiency Diseases and Symptoms | Groups at Risk of Deficiency | Toxicity Symptoms | Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vitamin A (retinol, retinal, retinoic acid,carotene, beta-carotene) Vitamin A Fact Sheet |
Retinol: beef and chicken liver, skim milk, whole milk, cheddar cheese; Carotenoids: pumpkin, carrots, squash, collards, peas Vitamin A in Foods |
700-900 mcg/day |
Antioxidant, vision, cell differentiation, reproduction, immune function |
Xerophthalmia, night blindness, eye infections; poor growth, dry skin, impaired immune function | People living in poverty (especially infants and children), premature infants, pregnant and lactating women people who consume low-fat or low-protein diets | Hypervitaminosis A: Dry, itchy skin, hair loss, liver damage, joint pain, fractures, birth defects, swelling of the brain | 3000 mcg/day |
Vitamin D |
Swordfish, salmon, tuna, orange juice (fortified), milk (fortified), sardines, egg, synthesis from sunlight Vitamin D in Foods |
600-800 IU/day (15-20 mcg/day) | Absorption and regulation of calcium and phosphorus, maintenance of bone | Rickets in children: abnormal growth, misshapen bones, bowed legs, soft bones; osteomalacia in adults | Breastfed infants, older adults people with limited sun exposure, people with dark skin |
Calcium deposits in soft tissues, damage to the heart, blood vessels, and kidneys |
4000 IU/day (100 mcg/day) |
Vitamin E Vitamin E Fact Sheet |
Sunflower seeds, almonds, hazelnuts,peanuts Vitamin E in Foods |
15 mg/day |
Antioxidant, protects cell membranes |
Broken red blood cells, nerve damage | People with poor fat absorption, premature infants | Inhibition of vitamin K clotting factors |
1000 mcg/day from supplemental sources |
Vitamin K |
Vegetable oils, leafy greens, synthesis by intestinal bacteria Vitamin K in Foods |
90-120 mcg/day | Synthesis of blood clotting proteins and proteins needed for bone health and cell growth | Hemorrhage | Newborns, people on long term antibiotics | Anemia, brain damage | Not determined |