9.7: End-of-Chapter Material
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Key takeaways from this Chapter
- Fat plays an important role in our health.
- BMI does not measure body composition or body fatness, it only measures body size.
- Obesity is caused by many factors including lifestyle habits/choices, environment, and individual factors, such as genetics.
- Having a healthy diet pattern and incorporating physical activity and exercise are important for a healthy weight.
- Both overweight/obesity and underweight have negative health implications
Media Attributions
- BRFSS_obesity_1985-2006 © CDC BRFSS (Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System), Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons is licensed under a Public Domain license
- Products - Data Briefs - Number 313 - July 2018. (2018). Center for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/da...iefs/db313.htm
- Products - Health E Stats - Prevalence of Underweight Among Adults Aged 20 and Over: United States, 1960–1962 Through 2015–2016. (n.d.). Center for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hestat...dult_15_16.htm
- Fryar CD, Carroll MD, Afful J. Prevalence of overweight, obesity, and severe obesity among adults aged 20 and over: United States, 1960–1962 through 2017–2018. NCHS Health E-Stats. 2020. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hestat...sity-adult.htm
- Tenfold increase in childhood and adolescent obesity in four decades: new study by Imperial College London and WHO. (2017, October 11). World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news/item/11-10-...london-and-who
- Lee, S. W., Son, J. Y., Kim, J. M., Hwang, S., Han, J. S., & Heo, N. J. (2017). Body fat distribution is more predictive of all‐cause mortality than overall adiposity. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 20(1), 141–147. https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.13050
- Swainson, M. G., Batterham, A. M., Tsakirides, C., Rutherford, Z. H., & Hind, K. (2017). Prediction of whole-body fat percentage and visceral adipose tissue mass from five anthropometric variables. PLOS ONE, 12(5), e0177175. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0177175
- Lee A, Cardel M, Donahoo WT. Social and Environmental Factors Influencing Obesity. [Updated 2019 Oct 12]. In: Feingold KR, Anawalt B, Boyce A, et al., editors. Endotext [Internet]. South Dartmouth (MA): MDText.com, Inc.; 2000-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK278977/
- Church, T. S., Thomas, D. M., Tudor-Locke, C., Katzmarzyk, P. T., Earnest, C. P., Rodarte, R. Q., Martin, C. K., Blair, S. N., & Bouchard, C. (2011). Trends over 5 decades in U.S. occupation-related physical activity and their associations with obesity. PloS one, 6(5), e19657. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0019657
- Stunkard, A. J., Harris, J. R., Pedersen, N. L., & McClearn, G. E. (1990). The Body-Mass Index of Twins Who Have Been Reared Apart. New England Journal of Medicine, 322(21), 1483–1487. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm199005243222102
- Long-term Study of Bariatric Surgery for Obesity: LABS. (2021, December 9). National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. https://www.niddk.nih.gov/about-nidd...iatric-surgery
- Hosseini SA, Padhy RK. Body Image Distortion. [Updated 2021 Sep 9]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK546582/
- Roh, L., Braun, J., Chiolero, A., Bopp, M., Rohrmann, S., Faeh, D., & Swiss National Cohort Study Group (2014). Mortality risk associated with underweight: a census-linked cohort of 31,578 individuals with up to 32 years of follow-up. BMC public health, 14, 371. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-371