1.3: What is the Difference Between Personal and Public Health?
Many people think of health as mostly an individual responsibility. Shouldn’t a person make sure that they take care of their own hygiene, nutrition, physical activity, and protect themselves from diseases or accidents? Another common viewpoint is that health is mostly the “luck” of genetics - hopefully longevity runs in your family. Certainly, a person’s health is heavily influenced by their genetics, personal beliefs, knowledge and behaviors - this is a good definition of personal health. Yet, a person’s beliefs, knowledge and behaviors are all influenced by their family, community, environment, and the larger social and cultural context in which they live. The health of the individual and that of their community is inextricably interconnected. Take for example, a community’s access to foods that support healthy eating patterns: such as fresh fruits and vegetables, whole grains and lean proteins. If a community has grocery stores, farmer’s markets, and/or food co-ops, there will be a lot of access to these foods without having to travel far. However, if there are no grocery stores conveniently located, and an abundance of fast-food options in the community, individuals will have fewer options to choose from. This access affects the individual’s nutritional behaviors, which in turn can affect their health( Access to Foods That Support Healthy Dietary Patterns - Healthy People 2030 , n.d.). Public health therefore focuses on groups or communities; the environments, education, access to healthcare, programs and policies that affect the health of individuals in the community.