Skip to main content
Medicine LibreTexts

8.10: References

  • Page ID
    103761
  • \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)

    \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash {#1}}} \)

    \( \newcommand{\dsum}{\displaystyle\sum\limits} \)

    \( \newcommand{\dint}{\displaystyle\int\limits} \)

    \( \newcommand{\dlim}{\displaystyle\lim\limits} \)

    \( \newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)

    ( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\)

    \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\)

    \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\)

    \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\)

    \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\)

    \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\)

    \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\)

    \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorA}[1]{\vec{#1}}      % arrow\)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorAt}[1]{\vec{\text{#1}}}      % arrow\)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorB}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorC}[1]{\textbf{#1}} \)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorD}[1]{\overrightarrow{#1}} \)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorDt}[1]{\overrightarrow{\text{#1}}} \)

    \( \newcommand{\vectE}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{\mathbf {#1}}}} \)

    \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)

    \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash {#1}}} \)

    \(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)

    U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, Office of Health Equity. (2020). Health Equity Report 2019-2020: Special Feature on Housing and Health Inequalities.

    Access to foods that support healthy dietary patterns - Healthy people 2030. (n.d.). Health.Gov. Retrieved February 14, 2024, from https://health.gov/healthypeople/pri...etary-patterns

    Access to health services - Healthy people 2030. (n.d.). Health.Gov. Retrieved February 14, 2024, from https://health.gov/healthypeople/pri...-services#cit1

    American Council on Exercise. (2023, August). ACE-SUPPORTED RESEARCH: Does 3 WINS fitness provide the wins it promises? ACE - CertifiedTM. https://www.acefitness.org/continuin...s-it-promises/

    Apodaca, C., Casanova-Perez, R., Bascom, E., Mohanraj, D., Lane, C., Vidyarthi, D., Beneteau, E., Sabin, J., Pratt, W., Weibel, N., & Hartzler, A. L. (2022). Maybe they had a bad day: How LGBTQ and BIPOC patients react to bias in healthcare and struggle to speak out. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 29(12), 2075–2082. https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocac142

    Armstead, T. L., Wilkins, N., & Nation, M. (2019). Structural and social determinants of inequities in violence risk: A review of indicators. Journal of Community Psychology, 49(4), 878–906. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.22232

    Artiga, S. et al. (2023, December 5). Survey on racism, discrimination and health: Experiences and impacts across racial and ethnic groups. KFF. https://www.kff.org/racial-equity-an...on-and-health/

    Bhattar, K. (2021, October). The Realities of Being Homeless in America – UAB Institute for Human Rights Blog. UAB Institute for Human Rights Blog; University of Alabama at Birmington. https://sites.uab.edu/humanrights/20...ss-in-america/

    Bhopal, R. (1997). Is research into ethnicity and health racist, unsound, or important science? British Medical Journal, 314(7096), 1751–1751. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.314.7096.1751

    Bhutada, G. (2021, February 3). The rising cost of college in the U.S. Visual Capitalist. https://www.visualcapitalist.com/ris...ollege-in-u-s/

    Braveman , P., Dekker, M., Egerter , S., Sadegh-Nobari , T., & Pollack, C. (2011, May). Housing and health. RWJF; Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. https://www.rwjf.org/en/insights/our...nd-health.html

    Braveman, P. A., Arkin, E., Proctor, D., Kauh, T., & Holm, N. (2022). Systemic and structural racism: Definitions, examples, health damages, and approaches to dismantling. Health Affairs, 41(2), 171–178. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2021.01394

    Brender, J. D., Maantay, J. A., & Chakraborty, J. (2011). Residential proximity to environmental hazards and adverse health outcomes. American Journal of Public Health, 101(S1), S37–S52. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2011.300183

    Bureau, U. C. (2023a, September 12). Poverty in the United States: 2022. Census.Gov. https://www.census.gov/library/publi...o/p60-280.html

    Bureau, U. C. (2023b, December 4). Poverty. Census.Gov. https://www.census.gov/topics/income...y/poverty.html

    Bureau, U. C. (2023c, December 21). About 1 in 5 parents relied on a relative for child care. Census.Gov. https://www.census.gov/library/stori...hild-care.html

    Bureau, U. S. C. (2022, September 13). Expansions to child tax credit contributed to 46% decline in child poverty since 2020. Census.Gov. https://www.census.gov/library/stori...d-poverty.html

    Burke, L. D., & Weill, B. (2023). Public health and society: Current issues. Jones & Bartlett Learning.

    Burke, M. (2022, September 30). How should California address college student housing crisis? EdSource. https://edsource.org/2022/how-should...-crisis/679049

    Canadian Observatory on Homelessness. (2021). NIMBY (not in my backyard). The Homeless Hub. https://www.homelesshub.ca/solutions...ot-my-backyard

    Carvajal-Aldaz, D., Cucalon, G., & Ordonez, C. (2022). Food insecurity as a risk factor for obesity: A review. Frontiers in Nutrition, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.1012734

    Center on the Developing Child at Harvard University. (2010, March). The Foundations of Lifelong Health are Built in Early Childhood. http://www.developingchild.harvard.edu

    Chaudhari, L. S., Lang-Balde, R., Carlos, J., & Loy, S. (2022). Qualitative analysis of a kinesiology student-led sustainable exercise program targeting underserved communities. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 19(12), 820–827. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2022-0277

    Child and teen firearm mortality in the U.S. and peer countries. (2023, July 18). KFF. https://www.kff.org/mental-health/is...eer-countries/

    Child care prices, inflation, and the end of federal pandemic-era aid in five charts - Equitable Growth. (2023, May 8). Washington Center for Equitable Growth. https://equitablegrowth.org/child-ca...n-five-charts/

    Civic participation - Healthy people 2030. (n.d.). Health.Gov. Retrieved February 20, 2024, from https://health.gov/healthypeople/pri...-participation

    COE. (2023, May). Public High School Graduation Rates. https://nces.ed.gov/programs/coe/indicator/coi

    College Enrollment and Work Activity of Recent High School and College Graduates Summary. (2023, April). 2022 A01 Results. https://www.bls.gov/news.release/hsgec.nr0.htm

    Consumer Price Index: 2022 in review : The Economics Daily: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (n.d.). Retrieved February 14, 2024, from https://www.bls.gov/opub/ted/2023/co...-in-review.htm

    Contributors to Wikimedia projects. (2024, February 15). Weathering hypothesis. Wikipedia. https://en.Wikipedia.org/wiki/Weathering_hypothesis

    Crime and violence - Healthy people 2030. (n.d.). Health.Gov. Retrieved February 20, 2024, from https://health.gov/healthypeople/pri...e-and-violence

    Crouse, G., Ghertner, Robin , & Chien, N. (2023). Child Care Industry Trends During the Recovery from the COVID-19 Pandemic . In Brief. DHHS Office of Human Services Policy.

    Derose, K. P., Cohen, D. A., Han, B., Arredondo, E. M., Perez, L. G., Larson, A., Loy, S., Mata, M. A., Castro, G., De Guttry, R., Rodríguez, C., Seelam, R., Whitley, M. D., & Perez, S. (2022). Linking churches and parks to promote physical activity among Latinos: Rationale and design of the Parishes & Parks cluster randomized trial. Contemporary Clinical Trials, 123, 106954. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cct.2022.106954

    Doctrow, B., Ph. D. (2022, December 5). Racial residential segregation and airborne toxic metals. National Institutes of Health (NIH). https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-...e-toxic-metals

    Drinking Water Standards and Regulations. (2022, August 10). CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/dri...gulations.html

    Early childhood development and education - Healthy people 2030. (n.d.). Health.Gov. Retrieved February 13, 2024, from https://health.gov/healthypeople/pri...-education#top

    Edwards, F., Lee, H., & Esposito, M. (2019). Risk of being killed by police use of force in the United States by age, race–ethnicity, and sex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116(34), 16793–16798. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1821204116

    Employment - Healthy people 2030. (n.d.). Health.Gov. Retrieved January 17, 2024, from https://health.gov/healthypeople/pri...ies/employment

    Enrollment in higher education - Healthy people 2030. (n.d.). Health.Gov. Retrieved January 17, 2024, from https://health.gov/healthypeople/pri...gher-education

    Environmental conditions - Healthy people 2030. (n.d.). Health.Gov. Retrieved February 15, 2024, from https://health.gov/healthypeople/pri...tal-conditions

    Every second. (n.d.). Every Second. Retrieved February 26, 2024, from https://everysecond.fwd.us/#chapter1-11

    Fast facts: Firearm violence and injury prevention. (2023, September 22). CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/violencepreventi.../fastfact.html

    Food insecurity - Healthy people 2030. (n.d.). Health.Gov. Retrieved January 10, 2024, from https://health.gov/healthypeople/pri...ood-insecurity

    Greater Los Angeles Homeless Count. (2024). About. 2024 Los Angeles Homeless Count. https://www.theycountwillyou.org/about

    Hagedorn-Hatfield, R. L., Hood, L. B., & Hege, A. (2022). A decade of college student hunger: What we know and where we need to go. Frontiers in Public Health, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.837724

    Hall, W. J., Chapman, M. V., Lee, K. M., Merino, Y. M., Thomas, T. W., Payne, B. K., Eng, E., Day, S. H., & Coyne-Beasley, T. (2015). Implicit racial/ethnic bias among health care professionals and its influence on health care outcomes: A systematic review. American Journal of Public Health, 105(12), e60–e76. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2015.302903

    Healthy People 2030. (n.d.). Health equity in healthy people 2030 - Healthy people 2030. Health.Gov; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Retrieved May 2, 2024, from https://health.gov/healthypeople/pri...hy-people-2030

    High school graduation - Healthy people 2030. (n.d.). Health.Gov. Retrieved January 18, 2024, from https://health.gov/healthypeople/pri...raduation#cit7

    Hiscock, R., Bauld, L., Amos, A., Fidler, J. A., & Munafò, M. (2011). Socioeconomic status and smoking: A review. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1248(1), 107–123. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06202.x

    Housing instability - Healthy people 2030. (n.d.). Health.Gov. Retrieved January 10, 2024, from https://health.gov/healthypeople/pri...ng-instability

    Incarceration - Healthy people 2030. (n.d.). Health.Gov. Retrieved February 26, 2024, from https://health.gov/healthypeople/pri.../incarceration

    Iton, A. B., M. D. (2021, October). When it comes to your health, does your zip code matter more than your genetic code? Https://Www.Txprimarycareconsortium.Org; Texas Primary Care Consortium. https://www.txprimarycareconsortium....r-genetic-code

    KFF. (2023, October 18). Section 1: Cost of health insurance - 10240. 2023 Employer Health Benefits Survey2023 Employer Health Benefits Survey; KFF. https://www.kff.org/report-section/e...lth-insurance/

    Language and literacy - Healthy people 2030. (n.d.). Health.Gov. Retrieved January 22, 2024, from https://health.gov/healthypeople/pri...e-and-literacy

    Loneliness and social isolation linked to serious health conditions. (2022, December 8). https://www.cdc.gov/aging/publicatio...er-adults.html

    McKenzie, J. F., Neiger, B. L., & Thackeray, R. (2016). Planning, implementing, and evaluating health promotion programs: A primer. Benjamin Cummings.

    Merrick, M. T., Ford, D. C., Ports, K. A., Guinn, A. S., Chen, J., Klevens, J., Metzler, M., Jones, C. M., Simon, T. R., Daniel, V. M., Ottley, P., & Mercy, J. A. (2019). Vital signs: Estimated proportion of adult health problems attributable to adverse childhood experiences and implications for prevention — 25 states, 2015–2017. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 68(44), 999–1005. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6844e1

    National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (2023). Federal policy to advance racial, ethnic, and tribal health equity. Washington, D.C., National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/26834

    NCHS. (2022, February 11). Life expectancy data vizualization gallery. Cdc.Gov. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data-visual...ncy/index.html

    Parrott, S. (2023, September 12). Record rise in poverty highlights importance of child tax credit;health coverage marks a high point before pandemic safeguards ended. Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. https://www.cbpp.org/press/statement...ealth-coverage

    Poverty - Healthy people 2030. (n.d.). Health.Gov. Retrieved January 8, 2024, from https://health.gov/healthypeople/pri...maries/poverty

    Quality of housing - Healthy people 2030. (n.d.). Health.Gov. Retrieved February 20, 2024, from https://health.gov/healthypeople/pri...uality-housing

    Rakshit, S., Rae, M., Claxton, G., Amin, K., & Cox, C. (2024, February 12). The burden of medical debt in the United States. Peterson-KFF Health System Tracker. https://www.healthsystemtracker.org/...e,%202019-2021

    Reich, R. (2019). How America created its shameful wealth gap [Video]. In YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=de...e=emb_imp_woyt

    Reich, R. (2022). Class 11: “Reducing health inequities” by UC Berkeley professor Reich [Video]. In YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q9getidk8Yo

    Reich, R. (2023). Class 4: “Widening Inequalities of Place” by UC Berkeley professor Reich [Video]. In YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=owqQ..._Rfsit&index=4

    Rose, J. (2023, June 2). Redlining. Federal Reserve History. https://www.federalreservehistory.or...says/redlining

    Rural Health Information Hub. (2024, January). Healthcare access in rural communities overview. Rural Health Information Hub. https://www.ruralhealthinfo.org/topi...lthcare-access

    Rural hospital closures. (2020, June 22). Sheps Center. https://www.shepscenter.unc.edu/prog...ital-closures/

    Rural hunger and access to healthy food overview. (2024, January). Rural Health Information Hub. https://www.ruralhealthinfo.org/topi...ood-and-hunger

    Sabine, V. (2023). Health at a glance 2023: Highlights for the United States. OECD Indicators.

    Sawyer, W., & Wagner, P. (2023, March 14). Mass incarceration: The whole pie 2023. Prison Policy Initiative. https://www.prisonpolicy.org/reports/pie2023.html

    Schneider, M.-J. (2020). Introduction to public health. Jones & Bartlett Learning.

    Scutchfield, F. D., & Keck, C. W. (2017). Deaths of despair: Why? What to do? American Journal of Public Health, 107(10), 1564–1565. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2017.303992

    Seabert, D., McKenzie, J. F., & Pinger, R. R. (2021). McKenzie’s An Introduction to Community & Public Health. Jones & Bartlett Learning.

    Shrider, E. A., & Creamer, J. (2023). Poverty in the United States: 2022. U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Reports, 60–280. U.S. Government Publishing Office, Washington, DC.

    Singh, G., & Lee, H. (2020). Marked disparities in life expectancy by education, poverty level, occupation, and housing tenure in the United States, 1997-2014. International Journal of Maternal and Child Health and AIDS (IJMA), 10(1), 7–18. https://doi.org/10.21106/ijma.402

    Soares, S., Rocha, V., Kelly-Irving, M., Stringhini, S., & Fraga, S. (2021). Adverse childhood events and health biomarkers: A systematic review. Frontiers in Public Health, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.649825

    Social cohesion - Healthy people 2030. (n.d.). Health.Gov. Retrieved February 22, 2024, from https://health.gov/healthypeople/pri...ocial-cohesion

    Social determinants of health - Healthy people 2030. (n.d.). Health.Gov. Retrieved December 13, 2023, from https://health.gov/healthypeople/pri...minants-health

    Sudat, S. E. K., Wesson, P., Rhoads, K. F., Brown, S., Aboelata, N., Pressman, A. R., Mani, A., & Azar, K. M. J. (2022). Racial disparities in pulse oximeter device inaccuracy and estimated clinical impact on COVID-19 treatment course. American Journal of Epidemiology, 192(5), 703–713. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwac164

    Swendener, A., PhD, Pick, M., MPH, Lahr, M., MPH, Yam, H., MPH, & Henning-Smith, C., PhD, MPH, MSW. (2023). Housing Quality by Disability, Race, Ethnicity, and Rural-Urban Location: Findings from the American Community Survey. UMN Rural Health Research Center Policy Brief.

    The college payoff: More education doesn’t always mean more earnings. (2021, October 7). CEW Georgetown. https://cew.georgetown.edu/cew-repor...egepayoff2021/

    The Healthy Project. (2024). Quinny Sanchez Lopez on health equity & advocacy [Video]. In YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SYaKJmvZS_E

    The social-ecological model: A framework for prevention. (2022, January 18). CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/violencepreventi...icalmodel.html

    Turner, A., Miller, G., & Lowry, E. (2023, October). High U.S. health care spending: Where is it all going? Commonwealth Fund. https://www.commonwealthfund.org/pub...s-it-all-going

    U.S. Government Accountability Office. (2020, May). Rental housing: As more households rent, the poorest face affordability and housing quality challenges. U.S. GAO; U.S. Government Accountability Office. https://www.gao.gov/products/gao-20-427

    USDA ERS. (2023, October). Key Statistics & Graphics. https://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/food...tics-graphics/

    Vyas, D. A., Eisenstein, L. G., & Jones, D. S. (2020). Hidden in Plain Sight — reconsidering the use of race correction in clinical algorithms. New England Journal of Medicine, 383(9), 874–882. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmms2004740

    Wang, L., Sawyer, W., Herring, T., & Widra, E. (2022, April). Beyond the Count: A deep dive into state prison populations. Prison Policy Initiative. https://www.prisonpolicy.org/reports...l#demographics

    Witters, D. (2023, April 4). Loneliness in U.S. sU.S.des from pandemic high. Gallup. https://news.gallup.com/poll/473057/...emic-high.aspx

    Yudell, M., Roberts, D., DeSalle, R., & Tishkoff, S. (2016). Taking race out of human genetics. Science, 351(6273), 564–565. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aac4951


    This page titled 8.10: References is shared under a CC BY 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Erin Calderone.

    • Was this article helpful?