13.11: Mobilizing Action through Planning and Partnerships (MAPP)
The MAPP model was originally created through a partnership between the CDC and the National Association of County and City Health Officials (NACCHO) in 2001. It has since been updated to MAPP 2.0, which “emphasizes community engagement, data-driven assessments, and a focus on health equity” (NACCHO, 2024). The redesigned MAPP model emphasizes the recognition of social determinants of health and the social inequities that cause them, including power dynamics and involving the community in the decision-making process. The MAPP 2.0 uses the following 3 phases (Clayton et al., 2020):
- Phase 1: Building the Community Health Improvement (CHI) Foundation. This phase involves identifying the people in the community who will have an effect on the program and whom the program will affect - the stakeholders. A committee is then created out of these stakeholders, and a shared community vision established. In this phase, the resources, budget, and administrative organization of the project is created.
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Phase 2: Tell the Community Story. This is where the community assessments are designed and performed. There are three assessments as part of the MAPP:
- Community Partner Assessment - community partners such as local government agencies, non-profit organizations, medical offices, hospitals, schools, community health centers, faith-based institutions, and private businesses can assess themselves for strengths and capacities to improve health and health equity in the community.
- Community Status Assessment - data collected on demographics, current health status, and health inequities of community members. This includes health behaviors and social determinants of health, as well as the systems of power that influence health outcomes.
- Community Context Assessment - the historical and current socio-political context of the community includes the “community strengths and assets, built environment, and forces of change”. This assessment relies on the views and lived experiences of the people experiencing the health inequities (NACCHO, 2023).
- Phase 3: Continuously Improve the Community. The MAPP involves an ongoing process of community engagement, prioritization of issues, analysis of power (factors, people, and institutions that contribute to health), developing long-term goals and measures of success, creating action plans including short-term objectives, and finally setting up ongoing evaluation and assessment for continuous improvement (Clayton et al., 2020, NACCHO, 2023).