3.1.1: Part A1. Calculate your BMI- body mass index
- Page ID
- 100860
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)Part A: Body Composition Analysis Case Study
The term anthropometrics literally means measures of the human body. Often anthropometry is applied to ergonomics or measuring the human body to combine and align it with physical structures like a desk, chair, and computer screen. In this section we will look at body composition in several ways.
The human body consists of various components. These components are grouped into common properties and functions know as tissues. The study of the tissues is histology. There are four primary types of tissues in the body:
1) Nervous- the brain, nerves, and neurons;
2) Muscle- skeletal, cardiac, and smooth;
3) Connective tissue- which includes cartilaginous tissues such as tendon, ligaments, and joint components, as well as adipose, blood, and bone cells
4) Epithelial- which make up the coverings of internal and external surfaces.
The various tissues in our body make up organs, which are parts of organ systems, which make up the complete human or organism. The mass of humans or body composition is divided into two categories- lean body mass (LBM) and non-lean body mass or fat mass. The LBM includes bones, joints, organs and most of all body water. The human body varies greatly with body water, but in general is it 50-65% of the total weight. Women generally carry 5-10% more body fat than men, thus have a lower percentage of their weight as water.
Often the amount of fat is commonly related to the total body weight, which is assumed in the body mass index (BMI) to be fat weight. This is not always the case, especially with muscular athletes. Also, circumference measures are commonly used to estimate body composition. In general, the bigger the circumference the more fat is assumed. Again, this is not always the case!
There are many ways to estimate or measure the body composition of someone- without special instruments. Each method has its strengths and weaknesses in terms of accuracy vs expense or invasiveness. Some methods require specific instruments like calipers, or impedance machines, while others do not. 
The most recognized measure is the easiest to perform- the body mass index.Using the body mass index (BMI) is the quickest, easiest, and likely the most inaccurate in determining fat content. Body weight does not distinguish between muscle or fat and therefore muscular people will be overweight or even obese, despite having a very low body fat percentage. In addition, wide framed people will be considered “fat” because of lower height versus weight ratio. It also does not distinguish between visceral or sub-cutaneous body fat. Likewise, someone’s circumference measures could be due to muscle not fat and a wide framed person will have greater circumferences regardless of their body fat.
Part A1. Calculate your BMI- body mass index
|
Category |
BMI range - kg/m2 |
|
Severe Thinness |
< 16 |
|
Moderate Thinness |
16 - 17 |
|
Mild Thinness |
17 - 18.5 |
|
Normal |
18.5 - 25 |
|
Overweight |
25 - 30 |
|
Obese Class I |
30 - 35 |
|
Obese Class II |
35 - 40 |
|
Obese Class III |
> 40 |
BMI is the weight in kilograms divided by the height in meters squared. Thus, you take your body weight in kilograms, then divide it by your height in meters (or centimeters divided by 100) and divided by the denominator again. Kg/m2, or Kg/(cm/100) 2
Using English units:
703*wt (lbs)/ ht (in.), then divide by your ht (in) again. This is because it should be squared. There are many calculators for this as well. This was used by insurance companies originally for health risk thus insurance premium. It is a crude, but easy, gauge of body composition. A lot of research and epidemiologic studies (CDC) use this as the primary measure. The U.S. is currently (2020) at 42% of the population being obese or over 30 on the BMI, and 73.6% are overweight. Thus, almost 3 out of 4 U.S. people are over 25 on the BMI. This figure does not directly relate to the health of the U.S., but it is a strong indication of our country getting fatter.
If I am 176 lbs and 5 feet 10 inches, I am 70 inches tall so- 703*176= 123,728, and 70*70= 4900, so 123,728/4900 = 25.25 (just over the normal range- very low overweight range).