5.3.2: Esophagus

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The esophagus is a muscular tube, measuring about 25–30 centimeters, that connects the pharynx to the stomach. It transports food and liquids from the mouth to the stomach through coordinated, wave-like muscle contractions known as peristalsis. The lower esophageal sphincter at the lower end of the esophagus relaxes to allow food to pass through and contracts to prevent stomach contents and acid from refluxing or flowing back into the esophagus (“Biology of the digestive tract,” 2024).

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