Campylobacter
2 – 5 days |
Diarrhea (often bloody), stomach cramps/pain, fever |
Raw or undercooked poultry, raw (unpasteurized) milk, and contaminated water |
Clostridium botulinum
18 – 36 hours |
Double or blurred vision, drooping eyelids, slurred speech. Difficulty swallowing, breathing and dry mouth. Muscle weakness and paralysis. Symptoms start in the head and move down as severity increases |
Improperly canned or fermented foods, usually homemade. Prison-made illicit alcohol. |
Clostridium perfringens
6 – 24 hours |
Diarrhea, stomach cramps. Vomiting and fever are uncommon. Usually begins suddenly and lasts for less than 24 hours |
Beef or poultry, especially large roasts; gravies; dried or precooked foods |
Cyclospora
1 week |
Watery diarrhea, loss of appetite and weight loss. Stomach cramps/pain, bloating, increased gas, nausea, and fatigue. |
Raw fruits or vegetables, and herbs |
Escherichia coli
3 – 4 days |
Severe stomach cramps, diarrhea (often bloody), and vomiting. Around 5-10% of people diagnosed with this infection develop a life-threatening complication. |
Raw or undercooked ground beef, raw (unpasteurized) milk and juice, raw vegetables (such as lettuce), and raw sprouts, contaminated water |
Listeria
1 – 4 weeks |
Pregnant women typically experience fever and other flu-like symptoms, such as fatigue and muscle aches. Infections during pregnancy can lead to serious illness or even death in newborns.
Other people (most often older adults): headache, stiff neck, confusion, loss of balance and convulsions in addition to fever and muscle aches. |
Raw (unpasteurized) milk, soft cheeses made with raw milk, raw sprouts, melons, hot dogs, pâtés, lunch meats, and cold cuts, smoked seafood |
Norovirus
12 – 48 hours |
Diarrhea, nausea/stomach pain, vomiting |
Infected person, contaminated food like leafy greens, fresh fruits, shellfish (such as oysters), or water, or by touching contaminated surfaces |
Salmonella
12 – 72 hours |
Diarrhea, fever, stomach cramps, vomiting |
Eggs, raw or undercooked poultry or meat, unpasteurized milk or juice, cheese, raw fruits and vegetables |
Staphylococcus aureus (Staph)
30 minutes – 6 hours |
Diarrhea, nausea, stomach cramps, vomiting |
Foods that are handled by people and not cooked (sliced meat, puddings, pastries, and sandwiches). Raw (unpasteurized) milk and cheese made from it. |
Vibrio
1 – 4 days |
Watery diarrhea, nausea. stomach cramps, vomiting, fever, chills |
Raw or undercooked shellfish, particularly oysters |