8.5: Glossary
- Page ID
- 118528
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)Androstenedione - An anabolic steroid - manmade hormone that are the same as, or similar to, androgens, the male-type sex hormones in the body. [1]
Apocrine glands - Large, branched, specialized sweat glands that empty into the upper portion of a HAIR FOLLICLE instead of directly onto the SKIN. [6]
Atherosclerosis - Atherosclerosis is a condition in which plaque builds up inside your arteries. Plaque is a sticky substance made up of cholesterol, fat, blood cells, calcium, and other substances found in the blood. [4]
Atresia - absence or abnormal narrowing of an opening or passage in the body
Corpus luteum - Transformed follicle after ovulation that secrets progesterone. [2]
Cystitis -Inflammation of the lining of the bladder (National Cancer Institute, n.d.) [3]
Embyro - A group of blastocyst cells that will become an embryo and thus develop into a baby.
Endometrium - The inner lining of the uterus, part of which builds up during the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle and then sheds with menses. [2]
Estriol - A hydroxylated metabolite of ESTRADIOL or ESTRONE that has a hydroxyl group at C3, 16-alpha, and 17-beta position and a major urinary estrogen.6][
Estrogen - Class of predominantly female sex hormones important for the development and growth of the female reproductive tract, secondary sex characteristics, the female reproductive cycle, and the maintenance of pregnancy. [2]
Estrone - An aromatized C18 steroid with a 3-hydroxyl group and a 17-ketone, a major mammalian estrogen. [6]
Fertility - Fertility refers to the actual production of offspring, rather than the physical capability to reproduce, which is termed fecundity.
Follicle - Ovarian structure of one oocyte and surrounding granulosa (and later theca) cells. [2]
FSH - Follicle-stimulating Hormone - Anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates the production and maturation of sex cells. [2]
Glycogen - A polysaccharide that is converted to glucose. [3]
HDL - HDL stands for high-density lipoproteins. It is sometimes called the "good" cholesterol because it carries cholesterol from other parts of your body back to your liver. Your liver then removes the cholesterol from your body. [4]
Hippocampus - A curved elevation of GRAY MATTER extending the entire length of the floor of the TEMPORAL HORN of the LATERAL VENTRICLE (see also TEMPORAL LOBE). [6]
Hyperplasia - Abnormal growth due to the production of cells. [3]
Inhibin - Hormone secreted by the gonads that inhibits FSH production by the anterior pituitary ischemia. [2]
Labia majora - (labia = “lips”; majora = “larger”), folds of hair-covered skin that begin just posterior to the mons pubis. [3]
LDL - LDL stands for low-density lipoproteins. It is sometimes called the "bad" cholesterol because a high LDL level leads to a buildup of cholesterol in your arteries. [4]
LH - Luteinizing hormone. The anterior pituitary hormone that triggers ovulation and the production of ovarian hormones in females and the production of testosterone in males. [2]
Ligaments - connective tissues that join bones to other bones. [5]
Lipoproteins - Lipid-protein complexes involved in the transportation and metabolism of lipids in the body. They are spherical particles consisting of a hydrophobic core of TRIGLYCERIDES and CHOLESTEROL ESTERS surrounded by a layer of hydrophilic free CHOLESTEROL; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; and APOLIPOPROTEINS. [6]
Menopause - cessation of the menstrual cycle; is considered complete when a woman has not menstruated in a full year. [3]
Menstrual cycle - menstrual cycle begins when you get your period or menstruate. This cycle is part of your reproductive system and prepares your body for a possible pregnancy. A typical cycle lasts between 24 and 38 days. [5]
Metabolic syndrome - Metabolic syndrome is the name for a group of risk factors for heart disease, diabetes, and other health problems. You can have just one risk factor, but people often have several of them together. When you have at least three of them, it is called metabolic syndrome. [4]
Osteoporosis - A disease characterized by a decrease in bone mass that occurs when the rate of bone resorption exceeds the rate of bone formation. [3]
Ovaries - Female gonads that produce oocytes and sex steroid hormones (notably estrogen and progesterone). [2]
Ovulation - Release of a secondary oocyte and associated granulosa cells from an ovary. [2]
Perimenopause - The physiological period following the MENOPAUSE, the permanent cessation of the menstrual life. [6]
Pituitary - bean-sized organ suspended from the hypothalamus that produces, stores, and secretes hormones in response to hypothalamic stimulation (also called hypophysis) [2]
Placenta - The organ that supplies oxygen and nutrients to the fetus, excretes waste products, and produces and secretes estrogens and progesterone. [3]
Postmenopausal - Stage of life after menopause; hormone levels are very low and menses has ceased.
Progesterone - A sex hormone important in regulating the reproductive cycle in those with ovaries and the maintenance of pregnancy. [2]
Sebaceous glands - Small, sacculated organs found within the DERMIS. Each gland has a single duct that emerges from a cluster of oval alveoli. Each alveolus consists of a transparent BASEMENT MEMBRANE enclosing epithelial cells. [6]
Stress incontinence - Stress urinary incontinence occurs when your bladder leaks urine during physical activity or exertion. It may happen when you cough, sneeze, lift something heavy, change positions, or exercise. [4]
Testosterone - Androgenic steroid and major product secreted by the LEYDIG CELLS of the TESTIS. [6]
Uterine fibroids - most common noncancerous (benign) tumors in women of childbearing age. [4]
Uterine prolapse - Uterine prolapse occurs when the womb (uterus) drops down and presses into the vaginal area. [4]
Uterus - Muscular organ that nourishes and supports the growing embryo. Its average size is approximately 5 cm wide by 7 cm long, and it has three sections. [3]
Vagina - Muscular canal (approximately 10 cm long) that is the entrance to the reproductive tract. It also serves as the exit from the uterus during menses and childbirth. The outer walls of the anterior and posterior vagina are columns with ridges. The superior fornix meets the uterine cervix. The cervix is the opening to the uterus. [3]
References
1. Nemours Kids Health. "Steroids". https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/steroids.html.
2. Menefee, Whitney, Julie Jenks, Chiara Mazzasette, and Kim-Lelioni Nguyen. 2021. LibreTexts Human Anatomy (OERI). CC BY https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelv...ductive_System
3. Nelson, Andrea and Katherine Greene. 2022. "1.17 Female Reproductive System." In Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professions. https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelv...ductive_System
4. MedlinePlus [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US); [updated 2020 Jun 24]. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/
5. Cleveland Clinic. "Health Library/body Systems & Organs." https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/
6. National Library of Medicine(NLM). Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) thesaurus. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?Db...BMeSH+Terms%5D. Public Domain.