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- https://med.libretexts.org/Courses/Southern_Illinois_University_Edwardsville/Essentials_of_Physiology_for_Nurse_Anesthetists_I_(Gopalan)/01%3A_Cell_Physiology/1.07%3A_ReferencesThis page provides a comprehensive compilation of scholarly works focused on human biology, emphasizing cell membranes, membrane proteins, and cellular processes such as diffusion and endocytosis. It ...This page provides a comprehensive compilation of scholarly works focused on human biology, emphasizing cell membranes, membrane proteins, and cellular processes such as diffusion and endocytosis. It includes historical texts by Hooke and van Leeuwenhoek, recent academic resources from OpenStax, and references on biochemistry and physiology covering topics like the citric acid cycle and protein synthesis.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Courses/Southern_Illinois_University_Edwardsville/Essentials_of_Physiology_for_Nurse_Anesthetists_I_(Gopalan)/01%3A_Cell_Physiology/1.03%3A_Membrane_Transport/1.3.02%3A_Carrier-mediated_TransportThis page details the roles of carrier proteins in cell membranes, highlighting facilitated diffusion and active transport. Key characteristics include stereospecificity, saturation, and competition a...This page details the roles of carrier proteins in cell membranes, highlighting facilitated diffusion and active transport. Key characteristics include stereospecificity, saturation, and competition among solutes. It distinguishes between passive transport via facilitated diffusion and ATP-dependent active transport.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Courses/Southern_Illinois_University_Edwardsville/Essentials_of_Physiology_for_Nurse_Anesthetists_I_(Gopalan)/00%3A_Front_Matter/04%3A_LicensingThis page explains how to create a hyperlink to detailed licensing information in the "Back Matter/Detailed Licensing" section by modifying the webpage's URL and updating an HTML element based on spec...This page explains how to create a hyperlink to detailed licensing information in the "Back Matter/Detailed Licensing" section by modifying the webpage's URL and updating an HTML element based on specific conditions regarding the URL path.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Courses/Southern_Illinois_University_Edwardsville/Essentials_of_Physiology_for_Nurse_Anesthetists_I_(Gopalan)/01%3A_Cell_PhysiologyThis page outlines the cell membrane's structure and functions, emphasizing its role as a selective barrier and the proteins and lipids involved. It covers types of membrane transport, electrical acti...This page outlines the cell membrane's structure and functions, emphasizing its role as a selective barrier and the proteins and lipids involved. It covers types of membrane transport, electrical activity related to membrane potential, and describes cytoplasmic components and organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. Furthermore, it details cellular metabolism, including catabolic and anabolic reactions along with metabolic processes for carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Courses/Southern_Illinois_University_Edwardsville/Essentials_of_Physiology_for_Nurse_Anesthetists_I_(Gopalan)/00%3A_Front_Matter/02%3A_InfoPageThis page describes the LibreTexts Project, which offers free educational resources via an Open Education Resource platform. It allows users to read, print, and modify content, enabling instructors to...This page describes the LibreTexts Project, which offers free educational resources via an Open Education Resource platform. It allows users to read, print, and modify content, enabling instructors to customize course materials. The initiative aims to reduce textbook costs for students while fostering a collaborative online space for sharing open-access resources. Supported by educational institutions and grants, LibreTexts features interconnected libraries across various subjects and levels.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Courses/Southern_Illinois_University_Edwardsville/Essentials_of_Physiology_for_Nurse_Anesthetists_I_(Gopalan)/02%3A_Neurophysiology/2.03%3A_Nervous_Tissue/2.3.04%3A_Resting_Membrane_PotentialThis page discusses membrane potential, defined by a typical resting state of -70 mV, and the effects of graded potentials—localized changes that can either depolarize or hyperpolarize the membrane. D...This page discusses membrane potential, defined by a typical resting state of -70 mV, and the effects of graded potentials—localized changes that can either depolarize or hyperpolarize the membrane. Depolarization results from positive ion influx, while hyperpolarization arises from potassium efflux or chloride influx. Graded potentials are essential for action potential generation but decrease with distance from their source.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Courses/Southern_Illinois_University_Edwardsville/Essentials_of_Physiology_for_Nurse_Anesthetists_I_(Gopalan)/01%3A_Cell_Physiology/1.06%3A_Cellular_MetabolismThis page explains that the human body is about two-thirds water and contains proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, minerals, and vitamins. Metabolism is divided into catabolism, which break...This page explains that the human body is about two-thirds water and contains proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, minerals, and vitamins. Metabolism is divided into catabolism, which breaks down food for energy, and anabolism, which uses that energy to build molecules. These processes are interrelated, with catabolism providing energy for anabolism. The metabolic rate is influenced by age, gender, activity level, genetics, and lifestyle choices.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Courses/Southern_Illinois_University_Edwardsville/Essentials_of_Physiology_for_Nurse_Anesthetists_I_(Gopalan)/01%3A_Cell_Physiology/1.05%3A_The_Cytoplasm_and_Cellular_Organelles/1.5.05%3A_PeroxisomeThis page discusses peroxisomes, membrane-bound organelles that use oxidase enzymes to convert hydrogen atoms into hydrogen peroxide, which is subsequently converted to water and oxygen. They are vita...This page discusses peroxisomes, membrane-bound organelles that use oxidase enzymes to convert hydrogen atoms into hydrogen peroxide, which is subsequently converted to water and oxygen. They are vital for lipid metabolism and detoxification, particularly in the liver. Peroxisomes can form through self-replication or budding from the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, differing from lysosomes that come from the Golgi apparatus. Their functions can vary depending on the cell type.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Courses/Southern_Illinois_University_Edwardsville/Essentials_of_Physiology_for_Nurse_Anesthetists_I_(Gopalan)/01%3A_Cell_Physiology/1.01%3A_ObjectivesThis page outlines key learning objectives related to cell structure and function, emphasizing the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus. It covers the fluid mosaic model, transport mechanisms, organe...This page outlines key learning objectives related to cell structure and function, emphasizing the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus. It covers the fluid mosaic model, transport mechanisms, organelle functions, metabolism, and historical milestones in cell discovery. Additionally, it discusses the importance of homeostasis and cell specialization, categorizes organelles, distinguishes protein types, and details metabolic pathways such as glycolysis and respiration.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Courses/Southern_Illinois_University_Edwardsville/Essentials_of_Physiology_for_Nurse_Anesthetists_I_(Gopalan)/02%3A_Neurophysiology/2.04%3A_ReferencesThis page offers a comprehensive array of references on neuron anatomy, physiology, and neurotransmission mechanisms. It includes discussions on neuron classification, action potentials, synaptic func...This page offers a comprehensive array of references on neuron anatomy, physiology, and neurotransmission mechanisms. It includes discussions on neuron classification, action potentials, synaptic functions, and the role of glial cells, supported by educational and scientific resources.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Courses/Southern_Illinois_University_Edwardsville/Essentials_of_Physiology_for_Nurse_Anesthetists_I_(Gopalan)/02%3A_Neurophysiology/2.03%3A_Nervous_Tissue/2.3.10%3A_NeurotransmittersThis page covers neurotransmitters, including serotonin, acetylcholine, biogenic amines, amino acids, neuropeptides, and gaseous types. It highlights serotonin's role in depression and its treatment v...This page covers neurotransmitters, including serotonin, acetylcholine, biogenic amines, amino acids, neuropeptides, and gaseous types. It highlights serotonin's role in depression and its treatment via SSRIs, the functions of glutamate and GABA, and the regulatory impact of neuropeptides on pain. Gaseous neurotransmitters are noted for retrograde signaling.
