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- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nutrition/Principles_of_Nutritional_Assessment_3e_(Gibson_et_al.)/28%3A_Zinc_(Chapter_24c)/28.10%3A_Zinc_transporter_mRNA_expression_in_circulating_blood_cell_types_(24c.10)This page discusses the role of zinc transporters ZIP 1-14 and ZnT 1-10 as potential biomarkers for zinc status in blood cells. A systematic review revealed inconsistent changes in their expression fo...This page discusses the role of zinc transporters ZIP 1-14 and ZnT 1-10 as potential biomarkers for zinc status in blood cells. A systematic review revealed inconsistent changes in their expression following zinc supplementation or depletion, indicating a need for further research to establish their reliability under typical dietary conditions.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nutrition/Principles_of_Nutritional_Assessment_3e_(Gibson_et_al.)/13%3A_Biomarkers_(Chapter_15)/13.03%3A_Biomarkers_of_status_(15.3)This page covers various methods of assessing nutrient status through biomarkers derived from biological fluids and tissues, emphasizing the complexity and technical challenges of sample collection an...This page covers various methods of assessing nutrient status through biomarkers derived from biological fluids and tissues, emphasizing the complexity and technical challenges of sample collection and analysis. Blood, urine, saliva, hair, and nails are discussed, each with unique benefits and limitations, such as contamination risks and variability in results. Techniques like ICP-MS and careful sample handling are crucial for accurate measurements.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nutrition/Principles_of_Nutritional_Assessment_3e_(Gibson_et_al.)/19%3A_Riboflavin_(Chapter_20b)/19.02%3A_Biomarkers_of_riboflavin_status_(20b.2)This page discusses the challenges in diagnosing riboflavin deficiency, emphasizing the use of the erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity coefficient (EGR AC) for long-term status assessment. Howe...This page discusses the challenges in diagnosing riboflavin deficiency, emphasizing the use of the erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity coefficient (EGR AC) for long-term status assessment. However, sensitivity issues and variations in laboratory methods complicate prevalence comparisons. Riboflavin status is further explored through urinary excretion metrics, with different assays showing discrepancies.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nutrition/Principles_of_Nutritional_Assessment_3e_(Gibson_et_al.)/21%3A_Folate_(Chapter_22a)/21.02%3A_Biomarkers_of_folate_status_(Chapter_22a.2)This page highlights the importance of assessing folate status through biomarkers like serum folate, RBC folate, and plasma homocysteine. It discusses the role of various analytical methods in measuri...This page highlights the importance of assessing folate status through biomarkers like serum folate, RBC folate, and plasma homocysteine. It discusses the role of various analytical methods in measuring folate, their challenges, and the significance of cutoff values in diagnosing deficiencies and neonatal risks for neural tube defects.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nutrition/Principles_of_Nutritional_Assessment_3e_(Gibson_et_al.)/14%3A_Iron_(Chapter_17)/14.10%3A_Multiple_biomarkers_(17.10)This page discusses the assessment of iron status using multiple biomarkers, particularly serum ferritin and serum transferrin receptor (sTfR). A combination of these indicators offers more accurate e...This page discusses the assessment of iron status using multiple biomarkers, particularly serum ferritin and serum transferrin receptor (sTfR). A combination of these indicators offers more accurate evaluations of iron deficiency across different stages. The WHO recommends specific biomarkers, adjusting for inflammation, with a focus on the sTfR to ferritin ratio for better clarity.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nutrition/Principles_of_Nutritional_Assessment_3e_(Gibson_et_al.)/14%3A_Iron_(Chapter_17)/14.11%3A_Emerging_iron_status_indicators_(17.11)This page discusses emerging diagnostic indicators for iron status such as hepcidin, reticulocyte indices, and non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI), noting their research basis and need for clinical vali...This page discusses emerging diagnostic indicators for iron status such as hepcidin, reticulocyte indices, and non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI), noting their research basis and need for clinical validation. Hepcidin regulates iron but may increase deficiency risks in obesity and varies significantly in different health contexts, including its impact during pregnancy and disease.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nutrition/Principles_of_Nutritional_Assessment_3e_(Gibson_et_al.)/14%3A_Iron_(Chapter_17)/14.07%3A_Serum_ferritin_(17.7)This page discusses the complexities of assessing iron status through serum ferritin levels, which are influenced by age, sex, race, inflammation, and health conditions like obesity and liver disease....This page discusses the complexities of assessing iron status through serum ferritin levels, which are influenced by age, sex, race, inflammation, and health conditions like obesity and liver disease. Elevated ferritin can misrepresent iron deficiency, especially during inflammation or pregnancy. The BRINDA approach offers improved assessment by considering inflammatory factors.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nutrition/Principles_of_Nutritional_Assessment_3e_(Gibson_et_al.)/20%3A_Niacin_(Chapter_20c)/20.02%3A_Indices_of_niacin_status_(20c.2)This page discusses recent advancements in assessing niacin status, particularly through urinary metabolites. It highlights the efficacy of niacin fortification in reducing pellagra prevalence and scr...This page discusses recent advancements in assessing niacin status, particularly through urinary metabolites. It highlights the efficacy of niacin fortification in reducing pellagra prevalence and scrutinizes current biomarker reliance. While the urine analysis of metabolites like N'-methyl-nicotinamide and 2-pyridone is emphasized, the effectiveness of these metrics is questioned in mild deficiency cases and impacted by protein intake.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nutrition/Principles_of_Nutritional_Assessment_3e_(Gibson_et_al.)/28%3A_Zinc_(Chapter_24c)/28.14%3A_Zinc-dependent_enzymes_(24c.14)This page discusses the importance of zinc in metallo-enzymes but notes the lack of reliable biomarkers for zinc status in humans. Research on alkaline phosphatase and other enzymes has produced incon...This page discusses the importance of zinc in metallo-enzymes but notes the lack of reliable biomarkers for zinc status in humans. Research on alkaline phosphatase and other enzymes has produced inconsistent results, with a systematic review showing no significant impact of zinc on alkaline phosphatase levels. Consequently, experts consider these enzymes inadequate for evaluating zinc exposure or status, attributing variability in responses to multiple alkaline phosphatase isozymes.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nutrition/Principles_of_Nutritional_Assessment_3e_(Gibson_et_al.)/14%3A_Iron_(Chapter_17)/14.06%3A_Serum_iron_TIBC_transferrin_and_transferrin_saturation_(17.6)This page discusses the key variables for diagnosing iron status, focusing on serum iron, TIBC, transferrin saturation, and serum ferritin. High biological variation necessitates multiple evaluations ...This page discusses the key variables for diagnosing iron status, focusing on serum iron, TIBC, transferrin saturation, and serum ferritin. High biological variation necessitates multiple evaluations for accuracy, particularly in the presence of factors like age, sex, chronic diseases, and obesity, which can distort results. Furthermore, comparisons between normal-weight and overweight/obese women reveal higher iron demands and inflammation in the latter group.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nutrition/Principles_of_Nutritional_Assessment_3e_(Gibson_et_al.)/19%3A_Riboflavin_(Chapter_20b)This page discusses riboflavin's role in forming essential coenzymes for energy metabolism and vitamin processing. It highlights ariboflavinosis as a deficiency primarily affecting undernourished indi...This page discusses riboflavin's role in forming essential coenzymes for energy metabolism and vitamin processing. It highlights ariboflavinosis as a deficiency primarily affecting undernourished individuals but also noted in developed regions. The most reliable assessment of riboflavin status is glutathione reductase activity, while urinary excretion indicates dietary intake but can be affected by other factors.
