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- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nutrition/Principles_of_Nutritional_Assessment_3e_(Gibson_et_al.)/26%3A_Magnesium_(Chapter_23c)/26.07%3A_Occurrence_of_dietary_deficiency_(23c.7)This page discusses the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) for magnesium in the U.S. and Canada, noting that many adults fail to meet the suggested intake of 330-350 mg/day for males and 255-265 mg/day ...This page discusses the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) for magnesium in the U.S. and Canada, noting that many adults fail to meet the suggested intake of 330-350 mg/day for males and 255-265 mg/day for females. Recent studies propose lowering these recommendations to 175 mg/day for males and 250 mg/day for females, but even these lower levels may leave many deficient, potentially leading to chronic health problems. There is a need for improved clinical assessment of magnesium status.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nutrition/Principles_of_Nutritional_Assessment_3e_(Gibson_et_al.)/19%3A_Riboflavin_(Chapter_20b)/19.02%3A_Biomarkers_of_riboflavin_status_(20b.2)This page discusses the challenges in diagnosing riboflavin deficiency, emphasizing the use of the erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity coefficient (EGR AC) for long-term status assessment. Howe...This page discusses the challenges in diagnosing riboflavin deficiency, emphasizing the use of the erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity coefficient (EGR AC) for long-term status assessment. However, sensitivity issues and variations in laboratory methods complicate prevalence comparisons. Riboflavin status is further explored through urinary excretion metrics, with different assays showing discrepancies.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nutrition/Principles_of_Nutritional_Assessment_3e_(Gibson_et_al.)/20%3A_Niacin_(Chapter_20c)/20.01%3A_Niacin_-_Introduction_(20c.1)This page discusses the importance of niacin (vitamin B3) in converting tryptophan into NAD, vital for metabolic processes, gene expression, and DNA repair. Niacin prevents deficiency symptoms like pe...This page discusses the importance of niacin (vitamin B3) in converting tryptophan into NAD, vital for metabolic processes, gene expression, and DNA repair. Niacin prevents deficiency symptoms like pellagra, which is common in areas with low niacin bioavailability. It has potential therapeutic uses in cholesterol regulation and neuroprotection. Dietary sources include meat and fortified cereals, with recommended intakes set at 12-16mg/day for men and 11-14mg/day for women.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nutrition/Principles_of_Nutritional_Assessment_3e_(Gibson_et_al.)/07%3A_Dietary_guidelines_and_quality_(Chapter_8c)/7.03%3A_Examples_of_diet_quality_indices_(8c.3)This page discusses various diet quality indices, with a focus on the U.S. Healthy Eating Index (HEI), which evaluates adherence to dietary guidelines through a scoring system. The HEI allocates point...This page discusses various diet quality indices, with a focus on the U.S. Healthy Eating Index (HEI), which evaluates adherence to dietary guidelines through a scoring system. The HEI allocates points for adequacy and moderation, validating its effectiveness in assessing dietary patterns and health outcomes. While primarily developed for adults, adaptations for children exist, and related indices are emerging in other countries.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nutrition/Principles_of_Nutritional_Assessment_3e_(Gibson_et_al.)/23%3A_Calcium_(Chapter_23a)/23.07%3A_Effects_of_high_intakes_of_calcium_(23a.7)This page discusses the health risks associated with excessive calcium intake, including kidney stones, cardiovascular disease, and impaired iron absorption. The Tolerable Upper Intake Level for calci...This page discusses the health risks associated with excessive calcium intake, including kidney stones, cardiovascular disease, and impaired iron absorption. The Tolerable Upper Intake Level for calcium has been reduced for adults over 50 due to increased kidney stone occurrences. While dietary calcium appears safe for cardiovascular health, supplements may heighten myocardial infarction risk.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nutrition/Principles_of_Nutritional_Assessment_3e_(Gibson_et_al.)/29%3A_Selenium_(Chapter_25b)/29.04%3A_New_PageThis page discusses the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for selenium, set at 55µg/day for adults based on studies of Glutathione Peroxidase 3 activity. It includes recommendations for infants and ...This page discusses the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for selenium, set at 55µg/day for adults based on studies of Glutathione Peroxidase 3 activity. It includes recommendations for infants and pregnant or lactating women. The World Health Organization proposed lower intake levels, while the FDA established a no observed adverse effect level at 1000ng/mL (853µg/day). The Institute of Medicine also set a tolerable upper intake level of 400µg/day for adults.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nutrition/Principles_of_Nutritional_Assessment_3e_(Gibson_et_al.)/29%3A_Selenium_(Chapter_25b)/29.10%3A_Questions_Remain_(25b.10)This page discusses ongoing research on selenium (Se), highlighting its essential role in preventing deficiencies and its debated potential in cancer prevention, with mixed trial results. There are co...This page discusses ongoing research on selenium (Se), highlighting its essential role in preventing deficiencies and its debated potential in cancer prevention, with mixed trial results. There are concerns regarding safe dosage and the effect of high levels of Se on diabetes risk. Supplementation is noted to benefit adults with low baseline Se levels (< 50µg/d), while emerging evidence suggests those with plasma levels between 80-120ng/mL may also see reduced cancer risk.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nutrition/Principles_of_Nutritional_Assessment_3e_(Gibson_et_al.)/05%3A_Nutrient_reference_values_(Chapter_8a)/5.04%3A_U.K._Dietary_Reference_Values_(8a.4)This page discusses the UK's Dietary Reference Values (DRVs) established in 1991, including EAR, RNI, and LRNI, with revisions for specific age groups. It underscores proper interpretation of these va...This page discusses the UK's Dietary Reference Values (DRVs) established in 1991, including EAR, RNI, and LRNI, with revisions for specific age groups. It underscores proper interpretation of these values, noting they aren't intake recommendations. The page also compares UK macronutrient guidelines with WHO and US/Canadian standards, emphasizing fat, carbohydrate, protein, and sugar limits, alongside dietary fiber recommendations.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nutrition/Principles_of_Nutritional_Assessment_3e_(Gibson_et_al.)/00%3A_Front_Matter/01%3A_TitlePagePrinciples of Nutritional Assessment: 3rd Edition, April 2024
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nutrition/Principles_of_Nutritional_Assessment_3e_(Gibson_et_al.)/07%3A_Dietary_guidelines_and_quality_(Chapter_8c)/7.08%3A_Dietary_Inflammatory_Indices_(8c.8)This page discusses the development of diet quality indices to evaluate the inflammatory potential of diets, particularly highlighting the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII). The DII, relevant worldwide...This page discusses the development of diet quality indices to evaluate the inflammatory potential of diets, particularly highlighting the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII). The DII, relevant worldwide, scores foods based on their association with inflammatory biomarkers and is linked to non-communicable diseases (NCDs).
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nutrition/Principles_of_Nutritional_Assessment_3e_(Gibson_et_al.)/13%3A_Biomarkers_(Chapter_15)This page explains nutritional biomarkers, which are indicators of health and responses to nutrition interventions, categorized into exposure, status, and function biomarkers. Exposure biomarkers anal...This page explains nutritional biomarkers, which are indicators of health and responses to nutrition interventions, categorized into exposure, status, and function biomarkers. Exposure biomarkers analyze food intake, status biomarkers measure nutrient levels, and functional biomarkers assess the impact of nutrient imbalances. While functional biomarkers can indicate subclinical deficiencies, they may lack specificity due to external influences.
