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- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anatomy_and_Physiology/Anatomy_and_Physiology_2e_(OpenStax)/01%3A_Levels_of_Organization/01%3A_An_Introduction_to_the_Human_Body/1.02%3A_Overview_of_Anatomy_and_PhysiologyAs the technology of microscopes has advanced, anatomists have been able to observe smaller and smaller structures of the body, from slices of large structures like the heart, to the three-dimensional...As the technology of microscopes has advanced, anatomists have been able to observe smaller and smaller structures of the body, from slices of large structures like the heart, to the three-dimensional structures of large molecules in the body. Human physiology is the scientific study of the chemistry and physics of the structures of the body and the ways in which they work together to support the functions of life.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nursing/Medical-Surgical_Nursing_(OpenStax)/08%3A_Stress_and_Stress-Related_Disorders/8.03%3A_Stress_and_DiseaseThe page discusses stress, covering its role as a response, a transaction, and a stimulus for disease. Stress is dynamic, influenced by personal, social, and environmental factors, and can lead to cli...The page discusses stress, covering its role as a response, a transaction, and a stimulus for disease. Stress is dynamic, influenced by personal, social, and environmental factors, and can lead to clinical manifestations if not managed properly. The transactional model explores varied responses based on individual differences. Stress is linked to diseases such as anxiety, heart disease, diabetes, and more, with stress responses potentially exacerbating these conditions.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nutrition/Principles_of_Nutritional_Assessment_3e_(Gibson_et_al.)/26%3A_Magnesium_(Chapter_23c)/26.03%3A_Absorption_and_metabolism_(23c.3)This page discusses magnesium absorption, which primarily occurs in the jejunum and ileum. Absorption rates depend on dietary intake, with lower intake increasing efficiency and higher intake decreasi...This page discusses magnesium absorption, which primarily occurs in the jejunum and ileum. Absorption rates depend on dietary intake, with lower intake increasing efficiency and higher intake decreasing it. Active transport and passive diffusion facilitate absorption, the latter making up 90% of it. Factors like calcium and fiber can inhibit absorption, while vitamin D enhances it.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nutrition/Principles_of_Nutritional_Assessment_3e_(Gibson_et_al.)/16%3A_Vitamin_D_(Chapter_18b)/16.09%3A_Measurement_of_serum_125dihyroxyvitamin_D_(18b.10)This page discusses the active form of vitamin D, calcitriol, highlighting its role in regulating calcium and bone metabolism through nuclear receptors, as well as its noncalcemic functions. Calcitrio...This page discusses the active form of vitamin D, calcitriol, highlighting its role in regulating calcium and bone metabolism through nuclear receptors, as well as its noncalcemic functions. Calcitriol is not a reliable vitamin D status marker due to its short half-life and regulatory mechanisms. Its synthesis is triggered by low calcium or phosphorus, and levels may rise in vitamin D deficiency. Normal serum levels vary, with analysis methods including HPLC and LC-MS/MS.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nursing/Medical-Surgical_Nursing_(OpenStax)/10%3A_Fluid_Electrolyte_and_Acid-Base_Imbalances/10.01%3A_Maintaining_HomeostasisThis section focuses on the body's fluid balance and homeostasis, highlighting the role of kidneys, lungs, and endocrine glands. It discusses the composition of body fluids, outlining the significance...This section focuses on the body's fluid balance and homeostasis, highlighting the role of kidneys, lungs, and endocrine glands. It discusses the composition of body fluids, outlining the significance of fluid compartments and their regulation. Mechanisms such as oncotic and hydrostatic pressure, osmosis, and routes of fluid gain and loss are described.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Courses/Southern_Illinois_University_Edwardsville/Essentials_of_Physiology_for_Nurse_Anesthetists_I_(Gopalan)/05%3A_The_Autonomic_Nervous_System/5.05%3A_Parasympathetic_Division_of_the_Autonomic_Nervous_SystemThis page discusses the parasympathetic division, or craniosacral system, highlighting its anatomical features, including the origin of preganglionic neurons and their long fibers that connect to term...This page discusses the parasympathetic division, or craniosacral system, highlighting its anatomical features, including the origin of preganglionic neurons and their long fibers that connect to terminal ganglia near target organs. It regulates functions like digestion, urination, and sexual arousal using specific nerves and works alongside the sympathetic system to maintain homeostasis and adapt to bodily changes.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anatomy_and_Physiology/Human_Anatomy_(OERI)/01%3A_An_Introduction_to_the_Human_Body/1.02%3A_Overview_of_Anatomy_and_PhysiologyWhile this textbook focuses on the subject of human anatomy, an understanding of how anatomy and physiology are linked is an important concept. Anatomy is the study of structure, which can be studied...While this textbook focuses on the subject of human anatomy, an understanding of how anatomy and physiology are linked is an important concept. Anatomy is the study of structure, which can be studied at several different levels. Physiology is the study of function. Structure determines function, so a strong foundation in anatomy is essential for the study of physiology.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Veterinary_Medicine/Anatomy_and_Physiology_of_Animals_(Lawson)/12%3A_Urinary_System/12.01%3A_HomeostasisFor example, the skin helps keep the internal temperature of bird and mammals bodies within a narrow range even when the outside temperatures change (see Chapters 5 and 16); the lungs control the amou...For example, the skin helps keep the internal temperature of bird and mammals bodies within a narrow range even when the outside temperatures change (see Chapters 5 and 16); the lungs control the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood (see Chapters 8 and 16); the liver and pancreas work together to keep the amount of glucose in the blood within narrow limits (see Chapter 5) and the kidneys regulate the acidity and the concentration of water and salt in the blood (also see Chapter 16).
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Veterinary_Medicine/Anatomy_and_Physiology_of_Animals_(Lawson)/04%3A_Body_Organization/4.09%3A_SummaryEpithelial tissues form the skin and line the gut, respiratory tract, bladder etc. Connective tissues form tendons, ligaments, adipose tissue, blood, cartilage and bone, and are found in the dermis of...Epithelial tissues form the skin and line the gut, respiratory tract, bladder etc. Connective tissues form tendons, ligaments, adipose tissue, blood, cartilage and bone, and are found in the dermis of the skin. 11 body systems perform essential body functions most of which maintain a stable environment or homeostasis within the animal. Directional terms describe the location of parts of the body in relation to other parts.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Veterinary_Medicine/Anatomy_and_Physiology_of_Animals_(Lawson)/04%3A_Body_Organization/4.07%3A_HomeostasisAll the body systems, except the reproductive system, are involved with keeping the conditions inside the animal more or less stable. These constant conditions are essential for the survival and prope...All the body systems, except the reproductive system, are involved with keeping the conditions inside the animal more or less stable. These constant conditions are essential for the survival and proper functioning of the cells, tissues and organs of the body. The kidneys keep the concentration of salts in the blood within limits and the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas maintain the correct level of glucose in the blood through the hormone insulin.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Sports_and_Exercise/Open_Textbook_of_Exercise_Physiology_(MacIntosh)/02%3A_The_Fundamentals_of_Exercise_Physiology/2.05%3A_Chapter_7-_Pulmonary_Function_Gas_Exchange_Between_the_Environment_and_BloodSome important locations identified to contain central chemoreceptors include the rostral ventral surface of the medulla in the vicinity of the retrotrapezoid nucleus, the ventral medullary raphé, the...Some important locations identified to contain central chemoreceptors include the rostral ventral surface of the medulla in the vicinity of the retrotrapezoid nucleus, the ventral medullary raphé, the rostral aspect of the ventral respiratory group, the nucleus of the solitary tract, and the locus ceruleus.
