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- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anatomy_and_Physiology/Fluid_Physiology_(Brandis)/01%3A_Introduction
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anatomy_and_Physiology/Fluid_Physiology_(Brandis)/00%3A_Front_Matter/02%3A_InfoPageThe LibreTexts libraries are Powered by MindTouch ® and are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the Californ...The LibreTexts libraries are Powered by MindTouch ® and are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nursing/Nursing_Pharmacology_(OpenRN)/zz%3A_Back_Matter/20%3A_GlossaryThe hypothalamus stimulates the release of ACTH from the pituitary, which then stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce the hormone cortisol and steroid hormones important for the regulation of the st...The hypothalamus stimulates the release of ACTH from the pituitary, which then stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce the hormone cortisol and steroid hormones important for the regulation of the stress response, blood pressure and blood volume, nutrient uptake and storage, fluid and electrolyte balance, and inflammation.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anatomy_and_Physiology/Book%3A_Acid-base_Physiology_(Brandis)/04%3A_Respiratory_Acidosis
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anatomy_and_Physiology/Book%3A_Acid-base_Physiology_(Brandis)/05%3A_Metabolic_Acidosis/5.08%3A_PreventionPrevention of the primary disease or better management may be an option in some cases. A particular example would be the prevention of episodes of diabetic ketoacidosis in insulin-dependent diabetic p...Prevention of the primary disease or better management may be an option in some cases. A particular example would be the prevention of episodes of diabetic ketoacidosis in insulin-dependent diabetic patients. The decrease in bicarbonate level occurs either because of a gain of fixed acid or a loss of base. The most important aspect of management involves correction of the primary disorder if possible. The anion gap & the delta ratio may be useful aids in assessment of metabolic acidosis.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anatomy_and_Physiology/Book%3A_Acid-base_Physiology_(Brandis)/05%3A_Metabolic_Acidosis/5.02%3A_CausesAn alternative to the above, is to classify the causes of metabolic acidosis into two groups depending on whether the anion gap is elevated or normal. The term 'hyperchloraemic metabolic acidosis' is ...An alternative to the above, is to classify the causes of metabolic acidosis into two groups depending on whether the anion gap is elevated or normal. The term 'hyperchloraemic metabolic acidosis' is also often used for the 'normal anion gap' group but the terms are not really synonomous (as discussed in section 8.4). This is the most clinically useful way to classify metabolic acidosis and it is used extensively when assessing metabolic acidosis.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anatomy_and_Physiology/Book%3A_Acid-base_Physiology_(Brandis)/02%3A_Control_of_Acid-Base_Balance
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anatomy_and_Physiology/Book%3A_Acid-base_Physiology_(Brandis)/07%3A_Metabolic_Alkalosis/7.06%3A_CorrectionThese changes were originally considered to be due to the increase in ventilation that occurs (and the subsequent decrease in pulmonary microatelectasis) but the paO2 will increase even in patients ma...These changes were originally considered to be due to the increase in ventilation that occurs (and the subsequent decrease in pulmonary microatelectasis) but the paO2 will increase even in patients maintained on constant ventilation 7,10 . The probable cause is an improvement in ventilation-perfusion matching.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anatomy_and_Physiology/Book%3A_Acid-base_Physiology_(Brandis)/10%3A_Quantitative_Acid-Base_Analysis/10.03%3A_The_VariablesThe equation for calculating [H+] developed by Stewart contains 3 independent variables and 6 dependent ones. The nature of the independent variables will seem strange at first but the purpose of this...The equation for calculating [H+] developed by Stewart contains 3 independent variables and 6 dependent ones. The nature of the independent variables will seem strange at first but the purpose of this section is to introduce them and briefly discuss what they are and why they are independent.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anatomy_and_Physiology/Book%3A_Acid-base_Physiology_(Brandis)/06%3A_Respiratory_Alkalosis/6.04%3A_Metabolic_EffectsCerebral blood flow (CBF) decreases quite markedly with hypocapnia: a decrease of 4% per mmHg reduction in pCO 2 . For example, an acute drop in pCO 2 from 40 down to 25mmHg will decrease CBF by about...Cerebral blood flow (CBF) decreases quite markedly with hypocapnia: a decrease of 4% per mmHg reduction in pCO 2 . For example, an acute drop in pCO 2 from 40 down to 25mmHg will decrease CBF by about 60%. In awake subjects, this can cause light-headedness and even confusion. One argument for routine intraoperative use of hypocapnia is to use the induced cerebral vasoconstriction to counteract the cerebral vasodilator effects of volatile anaesthetic agents.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anatomy_and_Physiology/Book%3A_Acid-base_Physiology_(Brandis)/03%3A_Acid-Base_Disorders/3.05%3A_Osmolar_GapThe osmolar gap is the difference between the 2 values: the osmolality (which is measured) and the osmolarity (which is calculated from measured solute concentrations). The ethanol will increase the o...The osmolar gap is the difference between the 2 values: the osmolality (which is measured) and the osmolarity (which is calculated from measured solute concentrations). The ethanol will increase the osmolar gap and you can miss the presence of the more toxic substances if you make the assumption that the gap is due to the ethanol alone.
