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- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nursing/Medical-Surgical_Nursing_(OpenStax)/11%3A_Gas_Exchange_Airway_Management_and_Respiratory_System_Disorders/11.10%3A_Effects_of_Smoking_Vaping_and_Environmental_Triggers_of_the_Respiratory_SystemRepeated assessment is not necessary in the case of the adult who has never used tobacco, or has not used tobacco for many years, and for whom this information is clearly documented in the medical rec...Repeated assessment is not necessary in the case of the adult who has never used tobacco, or has not used tobacco for many years, and for whom this information is clearly documented in the medical record. Regarding smoking and vaping cessation, the nurse can assess any changes in the patient cigarette/e-cigarette usage along with the patient’s symptoms and adherence to a medication regimen.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nursing/Medical-Surgical_Nursing_(OpenStax)/17%3A_Nervous_System_and_Chronic_Diseases_of_the_Nervous_System/17.09%3A_Neurological_InjuriesThis section provides a detailed overview of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) and spinal cord injuries, including their pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical manifestations, and diagnostics. It highl...This section provides a detailed overview of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) and spinal cord injuries, including their pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical manifestations, and diagnostics. It highlights the importance of understanding these injuries for medical and nursing care, outlining nursing interventions and evaluation strategies. It also discusses medical therapies, such as surgery and medications, and emphasizes the importance of rehabilitation and long-term care for recovery.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nursing/Medical-Surgical_Nursing_(OpenStax)/19%3A_Gastrointestinal_System_and_Disorders/19.06%3A_Hepatic_and_Biliary_DisordersThis section covers hepatic and biliary disorders, their pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnostics, and nursing care. It discusses liver functions, manifestations like jaundice and ascites, treatment...This section covers hepatic and biliary disorders, their pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnostics, and nursing care. It discusses liver functions, manifestations like jaundice and ascites, treatments including TIPS and liver transplant, and disorders such as cirrhosis and hepatitis. Liver disease management involves identifying the cause, monitoring lab values, nutrition, and treatment compliance.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nursing/Medical-Surgical_Nursing_(OpenStax)/19%3A_Gastrointestinal_System_and_Disorders/19.05%3A_Disorders_of_the_Lower_GI_SystemThis page provides an in-depth overview of various lower gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, including their pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnostics, and treatment options. Sp...This page provides an in-depth overview of various lower gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, including their pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnostics, and treatment options. Specifically, it details conditions like constipation, diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), celiac disease, colorectal cancer, appendicitis, diverticular disease, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nursing/Medical-Surgical_Nursing_(OpenStax)/12%3A_Cardiovascular_System/12.06%3A_Vascular_DisordersThis section outlines the objectives and critical components of learning about vascular disease, specifically focusing on carotid artery disease and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). It covers the path...This section outlines the objectives and critical components of learning about vascular disease, specifically focusing on carotid artery disease and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). It covers the pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, and nursing care approaches.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nursing/Medical-Surgical_Nursing_(OpenStax)/12%3A_Cardiovascular_System/12.05%3A_Myocardial_InfarctionThis section provides comprehensive learning objectives aiming to equip learners with an understanding of myocardial infarction (MI), from its pathophysiology to treatment. It covers the clinical mani...This section provides comprehensive learning objectives aiming to equip learners with an understanding of myocardial infarction (MI), from its pathophysiology to treatment. It covers the clinical manifestations, diagnostics, and laboratory values associated with MI. Nursing care, both immediate and post-recovery, is detailed alongside evaluating care efficacy and patient response to medical therapies. The impact of socio-demographic factors on coronary heart disease prevalence is also discussed.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nursing/Medical-Surgical_Nursing_(OpenStax)/11%3A_Gas_Exchange_Airway_Management_and_Respiratory_System_Disorders/11.00%3A_IntroductionAdequate lung function is critical for effective gas exchange, which can be affected by acute and chronic respiratory conditions. The body attempts to compensate when changes occur due to illness or i...Adequate lung function is critical for effective gas exchange, which can be affected by acute and chronic respiratory conditions. The body attempts to compensate when changes occur due to illness or injury, but problematic symptoms might require urgent intervention. Understanding respiratory system disorders, oxygenation, and perfusion is crucial for effective nursing care. Nursing assessment allows for close monitoring of respiratory issues in patients.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nursing/Medical-Surgical_Nursing_(OpenStax)/11%3A_Gas_Exchange_Airway_Management_and_Respiratory_System_Disorders/11.07%3A_Disorders_of_the_Lower_Respiratory_System-_Pneumonia_and_AspirationThis section provides a comprehensive overview of pneumonia and aspiration, including pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnostics, nursing care, and medical therapies. It highl...This section provides a comprehensive overview of pneumonia and aspiration, including pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnostics, nursing care, and medical therapies. It highlights the seriousness of pneumonia as a common illness, discussing the impact on different populations and emphasizing community-acquired pneumonia as a leading cause of mortality. Various pathogens, risk factors, and diagnostic criteria like CURB-65 are detailed.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nursing/Medical-Surgical_Nursing_(OpenStax)/13%3A_Musculoskeletal_System/13.02%3A_OsteoarthritisThis section outlines learning objectives related to osteoarthritis (OA), including understanding its pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnostics, and nursing care. OA, a commo...This section outlines learning objectives related to osteoarthritis (OA), including understanding its pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnostics, and nursing care. OA, a common form of arthritis affecting millions, involves joint cartilage degeneration. Risk factors include age and obesity, with symptoms like joint pain and stiffness.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nursing/Medical-Surgical_Nursing_(OpenStax)/14%3A_Integumentary_System/14.02%3A_BurnsThis page provides a comprehensive overview of burn injuries, including their incidence, prevalence, pathophysiology, risk factors, and clinical manifestations. It describes various types of burns, su...This page provides a comprehensive overview of burn injuries, including their incidence, prevalence, pathophysiology, risk factors, and clinical manifestations. It describes various types of burns, such as thermal, chemical, electrical, and radiation burns, and outlines the ABCDE assessment method for evaluating burn patients. The page also covers nursing care, including recognizing cues, generating solutions, and evaluating outcomes, while emphasizing interdisciplinary care.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nursing/Medical-Surgical_Nursing_(OpenStax)/17%3A_Nervous_System_and_Chronic_Diseases_of_the_Nervous_System/17.04%3A_Major_Neurocognitive_Disorder_and_Neurodegenerative_DiseasesThe document provides comprehensive information on major neurocognitive disorders (MNDs) focusing on Alzheimer disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Parkinson disease. It covers their path...The document provides comprehensive information on major neurocognitive disorders (MNDs) focusing on Alzheimer disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Parkinson disease. It covers their pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnostic processes, and related laboratory values. The document also outlines nursing care practices, strategies for recognizing and analyzing cues, prioritizing symptoms, and taking action.
