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- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nutrition/Principles_of_Nutritional_Assessment_3e_(Gibson_et_al.)/13%3A_Biomarkers_(Chapter_15)/13.03%3A_Biomarkers_of_status_(15.3)This page covers various methods of assessing nutrient status through biomarkers derived from biological fluids and tissues, emphasizing the complexity and technical challenges of sample collection an...This page covers various methods of assessing nutrient status through biomarkers derived from biological fluids and tissues, emphasizing the complexity and technical challenges of sample collection and analysis. Blood, urine, saliva, hair, and nails are discussed, each with unique benefits and limitations, such as contamination risks and variability in results. Techniques like ICP-MS and careful sample handling are crucial for accurate measurements.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Courses/Southern_Illinois_University_Edwardsville/Essentials_of_Physiology_for_Nurse_Anesthetists_I_(Gopalan)/08%3A_The_Blood/8.06%3A_Blood_PlasmaThis page explains that plasma is 92% water and contains various organic and inorganic substances, including proteins. Plasma proteins are divided into albumin (54%), globulins (38%), and fibrinogen (...This page explains that plasma is 92% water and contains various organic and inorganic substances, including proteins. Plasma proteins are divided into albumin (54%), globulins (38%), and fibrinogen (7%). Albumin transports fatty acids and regulates osmotic pressure, globulins are key for immune response, and fibrinogen is crucial for blood clotting. Additionally, serum, the liquid part of blood post-clotting, is utilized in diagnostic tests.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Courses/Southern_Illinois_University_Edwardsville/Essentials_of_Physiology_for_Nurse_Anesthetists_I_(Gopalan)/01%3A_Cell_Physiology/1.06%3A_Cellular_MetabolismThis page explains that the human body is about two-thirds water and contains proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, minerals, and vitamins. Metabolism is divided into catabolism, which break...This page explains that the human body is about two-thirds water and contains proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, minerals, and vitamins. Metabolism is divided into catabolism, which breaks down food for energy, and anabolism, which uses that energy to build molecules. These processes are interrelated, with catabolism providing energy for anabolism. The metabolic rate is influenced by age, gender, activity level, genetics, and lifestyle choices.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nursing/Medical-Surgical_Nursing_(OpenStax)/19%3A_Gastrointestinal_System_and_Disorders/19.00%3A_IntroductionThe gastrointestinal (GI) system, also known as the digestive system, plays crucial roles such as digestion, absorption, elimination, and immune response. It breaks down food and absorbs nutrients int...The gastrointestinal (GI) system, also known as the digestive system, plays crucial roles such as digestion, absorption, elimination, and immune response. It breaks down food and absorbs nutrients into the bloodstream, which are essential for growth, energy, and bodily processes. Disorders affecting the digestive system's function can significantly impact health and well-being and elevate the risk of chronic conditions. Proper nutrition is vital for overall health.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nutrition/Principles_of_Nutritional_Assessment_3e_(Gibson_et_al.)/05%3A_Nutrient_reference_values_(Chapter_8a)/5.08%3A_Sources_of_discrepancies_in_Nutrient_Reference_Values_(8a.8)This page discusses variations in Adequate Requirements (AR) for nutrients across countries, influenced by differing expert opinions, methodologies, and data interpretations. Discrepancies stem from n...This page discusses variations in Adequate Requirements (AR) for nutrients across countries, influenced by differing expert opinions, methodologies, and data interpretations. Discrepancies stem from nutrient criteria, metabolic changes in pregnancy, limited data for certain demographics, and bioavailability factors. National dietary habits and anthropometric references add complexity.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nutrition/Principles_of_Nutritional_Assessment_3e_(Gibson_et_al.)/05%3A_Nutrient_reference_values_(Chapter_8a)/5.06%3A_European_Dietary_Reference_Values_(8a.6)This page details the European Food Safety Authority's dietary reference values established in 1993, which include Average Requirements (AR), Population Reference Intake (PRI), and Tolerable Upper Int...This page details the European Food Safety Authority's dietary reference values established in 1993, which include Average Requirements (AR), Population Reference Intake (PRI), and Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) for various nutrients. It explains the energy requirements and macronutrient intake recommendations across different age groups, discussing the estimation of resting and total energy expenditures.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nutrition/Principles_of_Nutritional_Assessment_3e_(Gibson_et_al.)/05%3A_Nutrient_reference_values_(Chapter_8a)/5.07%3A_WHO_FAO_Nutrient_Reference_Values_(8a.7)This page discusses the WHO/FAO's 2004 nutrient reference values, including Estimated Average Requirement (EAR), Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI), and Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL), which guide v...This page discusses the WHO/FAO's 2004 nutrient reference values, including Estimated Average Requirement (EAR), Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI), and Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL), which guide vitamin and mineral intake when specific needs are unmet. It outlines energy requirements based on Total Energy Expenditure (TEE) and lifestyle factors, with special attention for pregnant women and children.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Courses/Southern_Illinois_University_Edwardsville/Essentials_of_Physiology_for_Nurse_Anesthetists_I_(Gopalan)/01%3A_Cell_Physiology/1.03%3A_Membrane_TransportThis page explains the cell membrane's selective permeability, crucial for managing ion, nutrient, and waste concentrations. Small nonpolar substances pass through the lipid bilayer easily, while wate...This page explains the cell membrane's selective permeability, crucial for managing ion, nutrient, and waste concentrations. Small nonpolar substances pass through the lipid bilayer easily, while water-soluble molecules need transporter proteins. It outlines transport methods: passive transport (no energy) and active transport (requires ATP), and notes that a deeper dive into membrane proteins will follow before discussing these transport processes in detail.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Health_and_Fitness/Health_Education_(Rienk_and_Lundin)/09%3A_Basic_Nutrition_and_Healthy_EatingThis page discusses nutrition, its Latin origin, and its importance in sustaining life. Nutritional science explores the health-nourishment relationship, highlighting the dangers of inadequate nutriti...This page discusses nutrition, its Latin origin, and its importance in sustaining life. Nutritional science explores the health-nourishment relationship, highlighting the dangers of inadequate nutrition, particularly its link to health issues like Type 2 diabetes. It emphasizes the significant role of diet in health and stresses the need for informed food choices to achieve optimal health outcomes.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Courses/Southern_Illinois_University_Edwardsville/Essentials_of_Physiology_for_Nurse_Anesthetists_I_(Gopalan)/08%3A_The_Blood/8.03%3A_Functions_of_BloodThis page outlines the vital roles of blood in the body, highlighting its function in transporting nutrients, oxygen, and hormones, as well as in waste management and pathogen defense. It details the ...This page outlines the vital roles of blood in the body, highlighting its function in transporting nutrients, oxygen, and hormones, as well as in waste management and pathogen defense. It details the protective role of white blood cells, the bleeding prevention by platelets and plasma proteins, and the regulation of body temperature and chemical balance, including pH and ion concentrations. Overall, blood is essential for maintaining overall well-being and homeostasis.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nutrition/Principles_of_Nutritional_Assessment_3e_(Gibson_et_al.)/24%3A_Phosphorus_(Chapter_23b)/24.01%3A_Phosphorus_(23b.1)This page discusses the importance of phosphorus, the 11th most abundant element, which exists mainly as phosphate and is vital for living organisms' growth. It highlights how limited phosphate-rich r...This page discusses the importance of phosphorus, the 11th most abundant element, which exists mainly as phosphate and is vital for living organisms' growth. It highlights how limited phosphate-rich rock deposits contribute to soil fertility through microbial activity. Phosphorus is crucial for energy production, growth, and cellular functions but requires careful regulation, as both deficiency and excess can adversely affect health and development.
