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- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nursing/Medical-Surgical_Nursing_(OpenStax)/17%3A_Nervous_System_and_Chronic_Diseases_of_the_Nervous_System/17.09%3A_Neurological_InjuriesThis section provides a detailed overview of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) and spinal cord injuries, including their pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical manifestations, and diagnostics. It highl...This section provides a detailed overview of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) and spinal cord injuries, including their pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical manifestations, and diagnostics. It highlights the importance of understanding these injuries for medical and nursing care, outlining nursing interventions and evaluation strategies. It also discusses medical therapies, such as surgery and medications, and emphasizes the importance of rehabilitation and long-term care for recovery.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nursing/Medical-Surgical_Nursing_(OpenStax)/07%3A_Pain_Assessment_and_Management/7.01%3A_Concepts_and_Causes_of_PainThis section provides an overview of the concept of pain, its causes, and classifications. Pain is described as a critical communication tool indicating potential body issues. It varies from person to...This section provides an overview of the concept of pain, its causes, and classifications. Pain is described as a critical communication tool indicating potential body issues. It varies from person to person and is classified by factors like location, onset, duration, and cause. The process of pain involves nociceptors which signal the brain through the spinal cord.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nursing/Medical-Surgical_Nursing_(OpenStax)/07%3A_Pain_Assessment_and_Management/7.03%3A_Pharmacological_Pain_ManagementThis section discusses pharmacological methods for pain management, differentiating between analgesics, adjuvants, opioids, and nonopioids. It emphasizes starting with the least invasive and lowest do...This section discusses pharmacological methods for pain management, differentiating between analgesics, adjuvants, opioids, and nonopioids. It emphasizes starting with the least invasive and lowest dose interventions, referencing the WHO pain ladder as a guide.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nursing/Medical-Surgical_Nursing_(OpenStax)/07%3A_Pain_Assessment_and_Management/7.05%3A_Substance_Use_DisorderThis page discusses substance use disorder (SUD), specifically focusing on its definition, prevention measures, and pain management strategies for affected individuals. It outlines the scope of SUDs, ...This page discusses substance use disorder (SUD), specifically focusing on its definition, prevention measures, and pain management strategies for affected individuals. It outlines the scope of SUDs, prevalent substances involved, and the associated risks, especially regarding opioids. Prevention focuses on reducing opioid prescriptions and increasing awareness of substance harms.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nursing/Medical-Surgical_Nursing_(OpenStax)/13%3A_Musculoskeletal_System/13.02%3A_OsteoarthritisThis section outlines learning objectives related to osteoarthritis (OA), including understanding its pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnostics, and nursing care. OA, a commo...This section outlines learning objectives related to osteoarthritis (OA), including understanding its pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnostics, and nursing care. OA, a common form of arthritis affecting millions, involves joint cartilage degeneration. Risk factors include age and obesity, with symptoms like joint pain and stiffness.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nursing/Medical-Surgical_Nursing_(OpenStax)/17%3A_Nervous_System_and_Chronic_Diseases_of_the_Nervous_System/17.06%3A_PolyneuropathyThis page outlines the learning objectives related to understanding and managing polyneuropathy, a disorder affecting multiple peripheral nerves. It discusses the pathophysiology, risk factors, and cl...This page outlines the learning objectives related to understanding and managing polyneuropathy, a disorder affecting multiple peripheral nerves. It discusses the pathophysiology, risk factors, and clinical manifestations of polyneuropathy, along with diagnostic procedures and laboratory evaluations.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nursing/Medical-Surgical_Nursing_(OpenStax)/07%3A_Pain_Assessment_and_Management/7.00%3A_IntroductionThe page discusses the importance of pain assessment and management in patient care, emphasizing that pain is subjective and varies among individuals. Nurses play a vital role in this process by condu...The page discusses the importance of pain assessment and management in patient care, emphasizing that pain is subjective and varies among individuals. Nurses play a vital role in this process by conducting assessments to understand the patient's description and severity of pain, which informs the use of both pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nursing/Medical-Surgical_Nursing_(OpenStax)/16%3A_Hematopoietic_Disorders_and_Regulation/16.02%3A_Hereditary_DisordersThis section outlines comprehensive learning objectives for health-care professionals addressing hereditary hematological disorders, focusing on pathophysiology, diagnostic processes, nursing care, an...This section outlines comprehensive learning objectives for health-care professionals addressing hereditary hematological disorders, focusing on pathophysiology, diagnostic processes, nursing care, and medical therapies. Highlighted disorders include sickle cell anemia and thalassemia, with detailed discussions about their clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, and nursing care priorities.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nursing/Medical-Surgical_Nursing_(OpenStax)/17%3A_Nervous_System_and_Chronic_Diseases_of_the_Nervous_System/17.02%3A_Acute_Disorders_of_the_Nervous_SystemThis page covers the learning objectives related to the pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnostics, nursing care, evaluation, and medical therapies for brain tumors, Guillain-...This page covers the learning objectives related to the pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnostics, nursing care, evaluation, and medical therapies for brain tumors, Guillain-Barr?? syndrome, and meningitis. The section provides statistics on brain tumors, detailing benign and malignant types, and their effects. It explains Guillain-Barr?? as a rare neuropathy and meningitis as an inflammation of the meninges caused by various pathogens.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nursing/Medical-Surgical_Nursing_(OpenStax)/07%3A_Pain_Assessment_and_Management/7.02%3A_Pain_AssessmentThe section emphasizes the importance of assessing and reassessing patient pain as vital for effective pain management. It outlines the assessment procedures, including understanding cultural implicat...The section emphasizes the importance of assessing and reassessing patient pain as vital for effective pain management. It outlines the assessment procedures, including understanding cultural implications and employing mnemonics like COLDSPA, OLDCARTES, and PQRSTU for comprehensive evaluations. Pain is described as subjective; hence, patient expression is crucial. Different pain assessment tools cater to various populations, with a focus on reassessment to achieve patient pain goals.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nursing/Medical-Surgical_Nursing_(OpenStax)/19%3A_Gastrointestinal_System_and_Disorders/19.02%3A_Disorders_of_the_Oral_CavityThis page provides an overview of oral cavity disorders, focusing on dental caries, oral cancer, and temporomandibular disorders. It outlines learning objectives for understanding the pathophysiology,...This page provides an overview of oral cavity disorders, focusing on dental caries, oral cancer, and temporomandibular disorders. It outlines learning objectives for understanding the pathophysiology, diagnostics, and management of these conditions. Key points include the causes, clinical manifestations, prevention, and care strategies related to dental caries, oral cancer, and TMD.
