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- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Allied_Health/Localization_and_Treatment_Procedures_in_Radiation_Therapy_(Stiles)/04%3A_Thorax/4.04%3A_EsophagusThe esophagus is a muscular tube anterior to the spine and posterior to the trachea that connects the cricoid cartilage of the pharynx to the stomach at the gastroesophageal (GE) junction. Adenocarcin...The esophagus is a muscular tube anterior to the spine and posterior to the trachea that connects the cricoid cartilage of the pharynx to the stomach at the gastroesophageal (GE) junction. Adenocarcinomas of the esophagus tend to present in the lower one-third of the esophagus, where the distal esophagus meets the proximal stomach at the GE junction. Treatments of the upper one-third of the esophagus are more complicated due to the curvature of the spine and the angle of the esophagus.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Allied_Health/Localization_and_Treatment_Procedures_in_Radiation_Therapy_(Stiles)/02%3A_Head_and_Neck/2.06%3A_LarynxThe larynx is comprised of the glottis, supraglottis, and subglottis, with the largest of these three regions being the supraglottis. The glottis region consists of the true vocal cords and the anteri...The larynx is comprised of the glottis, supraglottis, and subglottis, with the largest of these three regions being the supraglottis. The glottis region consists of the true vocal cords and the anterior and posterior commissures, and the subglottis region is located 1 cm below the true vocal cords. Advanced T2 lesions are planned to have a 2-3 cm margin around the tumor and the jugulodigastric and mid-jugular lymph nodes are encompassed in the portals.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Allied_Health/Localization_and_Treatment_Procedures_in_Radiation_Therapy_(Stiles)/zz%3A_Back_Matter/21%3A_Detailed_Licensing
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Allied_Health/Localization_and_Treatment_Procedures_in_Radiation_Therapy_(Stiles)/05%3A_Abdomen/5.03%3A_Stomach_Liver_and_ColonThe liver is the largest solid organ in the body, located in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen. Stomach: When simulating a patient with stomach cancer, the doctor will want the patient to be NPO...The liver is the largest solid organ in the body, located in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen. Stomach: When simulating a patient with stomach cancer, the doctor will want the patient to be NPO for up to 4 hours before treatment to keep the treatment volume smaller and consistent throughout treatment.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Allied_Health/Localization_and_Treatment_Procedures_in_Radiation_Therapy_(Stiles)/05%3A_Abdomen/5.05%3A_Whole_Abdomen_Irradiation_(WAI)This was generally considered the best option because it ensured that the kidneys received their target dose or as much dose as possible if the patient discontinues treatment before the entire prescri...This was generally considered the best option because it ensured that the kidneys received their target dose or as much dose as possible if the patient discontinues treatment before the entire prescription is delivered. Superior: 1-2 cm above the dome of the diaphragm; the margin is best determined under fluoroscopy, with the patient breathing quietly due to the constant motion of the diaphragm.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Allied_Health/Localization_and_Treatment_Procedures_in_Radiation_Therapy_(Stiles)/02%3A_Head_and_Neck/2.08%3A_SinusesInferior: lateral commissure of the lip (this will provide a margin on the lower border of the maxillary sinus) to include the alveolar ridge. Medial: 1.5-2cm across the midline to include the ethmoid...Inferior: lateral commissure of the lip (this will provide a margin on the lower border of the maxillary sinus) to include the alveolar ridge. Medial: 1.5-2cm across the midline to include the ethmoid sinus and the medial aspect of the contralateral orbit. Patients who present with invasion through the posterior wall of the maxillary sinus (invasion of the nasopharynx or base of the skull) are generally inoperable and must be treated with radiation therapy alone.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Allied_Health/Localization_and_Treatment_Procedures_in_Radiation_Therapy_(Stiles)/02%3A_Head_and_Neck/2.03%3A_Oral_CavityThe oral cavity consists of the lip, floor of mouth, anterior two-thirds of the tongue, buccal mucosa, hard palate, and retromolar trigone; it extends from the lips to the posterior aspect of the hard...The oral cavity consists of the lip, floor of mouth, anterior two-thirds of the tongue, buccal mucosa, hard palate, and retromolar trigone; it extends from the lips to the posterior aspect of the hard palate. The circumvallate papillae separate the anterior two-thirds of the tongue, in the oral cavity, from the posterior third of the tongue, which in the oropharynx.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Allied_Health/Localization_and_Treatment_Procedures_in_Radiation_Therapy_(Stiles)/04%3A_Thorax
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Allied_Health/Localization_and_Treatment_Procedures_in_Radiation_Therapy_(Stiles)/01%3A_Central_Nervous_System/1.02%3A_Whole_Brain_and_Primary_Brain_TumorsTherapists should ensure the patient has not received contrast in the last 24 hours, has good kidney function through the verification of lab values (GFR, BUN, Creatinine), and has had nothing to eat ...Therapists should ensure the patient has not received contrast in the last 24 hours, has good kidney function through the verification of lab values (GFR, BUN, Creatinine), and has had nothing to eat or drink (npo) for the last 4 hours. Like WBRT the entire cranial contents are contoured, Hippocampal WBRT treatment utilizes the Linac’s IMRT functions to limit dose to the hippocampus [1] . Avoidance sectors can help reduce dose to critical structures, like the lenses of the eyes.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Allied_Health/Localization_and_Treatment_Procedures_in_Radiation_Therapy_(Stiles)/02%3A_Head_and_Neck/2.04%3A_OropharynxDepending on the anatomic location of the disease, it may be beneficial to depress the tongue into the floor of the mouth – this will reduce variability in tissue location and help spare normal tissue...Depending on the anatomic location of the disease, it may be beneficial to depress the tongue into the floor of the mouth – this will reduce variability in tissue location and help spare normal tissues. The base of tongue cancer could be an example where the tongue would be immobilized to the floor of the mouth. The opposite technique may also be helpful – if treatment is of the lateral pharyngeal wall, the tongue may be immobilized away from the floor of the mouth.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Allied_Health/Localization_and_Treatment_Procedures_in_Radiation_Therapy_(Stiles)/00%3A_Front_Matter/01%3A_TitlePageLocalization and Treatment Procedures in Radiation Therapy Jared Stiles University of Iowa
