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- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nutrition/Science_Physiology_and_Nutrition_for_the_Nonscientist_(Morrill)/zz%3A_Back_Matter/30%3A_Detailed_Licensing
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nutrition/Science_Physiology_and_Nutrition_for_the_Nonscientist_(Morrill)/05%3A_Energy-Providing_Nutrients/5.08%3A_SummaryThe most common sugars found in food are the single sugars glucose, fructose, and galactose, and the double sugars sucrose (glucose +fructose), lactose (glucose+galactose), and maltose (glucose+glucos...The most common sugars found in food are the single sugars glucose, fructose, and galactose, and the double sugars sucrose (glucose +fructose), lactose (glucose+galactose), and maltose (glucose+glucose). In common usage, fat refers to triglycerides, which make up most of the fat that we eat and the fat that we store in our bodies. Food manufacturers can hydrogenate (add hydrogen to) some of the double bonds in vegetable oils to solidify the oils and to lengthen the shelf-life of their products.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nutrition/Science_Physiology_and_Nutrition_for_the_Nonscientist_(Morrill)/03%3A_ChemistryThe body’s use of food involves the breaking and forming of chemical bonds. Considering the seemingly infinite variety of things—sand, leaves, plastic, rubies, stars, air, human beings—one imagines th...The body’s use of food involves the breaking and forming of chemical bonds. Considering the seemingly infinite variety of things—sand, leaves, plastic, rubies, stars, air, human beings—one imagines that there are thousands, perhaps millions, of different kinds of atoms. Living substances, from a leaf to the complex brain, are made mainly of only 4 kinds of atoms: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nutrition/Science_Physiology_and_Nutrition_for_the_Nonscientist_(Morrill)/15%3A_Nervous_SystemThen the enzyme hunters filled the scene in the 1940s and 1950s, and for the past two decades the gene hunters have been in fashion.... Should the neurobiologists succeed in developing effective new m...Then the enzyme hunters filled the scene in the 1940s and 1950s, and for the past two decades the gene hunters have been in fashion.... Should the neurobiologists succeed in developing effective new molecular techniques, these hunters—we might call them “head hunters”—may dominate the last part of our century.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nutrition/Science_Physiology_and_Nutrition_for_the_Nonscientist_(Morrill)/00%3A_Front_Matter/04%3A_PrefaceThe course requires a textbook that blends nutrition, physiology, biochemistry, genetics, evolution, and chemistry; is organized by body systems (nutrition textbooks are typically organized by nutrien...The course requires a textbook that blends nutrition, physiology, biochemistry, genetics, evolution, and chemistry; is organized by body systems (nutrition textbooks are typically organized by nutrients); includes the scientific method and issues of diversity; encourages critical thinking—and is compact enough to cover in a semester.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nutrition/Science_Physiology_and_Nutrition_for_the_Nonscientist_(Morrill)/16%3A_Food_Safety/16.08%3A_SummaryUntil the 1958 Food Additives Amendment, it was relatively easy to get additives approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA); the burden of proof of safety was on the FDA. We should keep in min...Until the 1958 Food Additives Amendment, it was relatively easy to get additives approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA); the burden of proof of safety was on the FDA. We should keep in mind that there’s a lot of uncertainty in the whole process, so the decisions tend to err on the side of safety. Experts regard the scant amount in our food supply as safe but, regardless, the aim is to use as little as possible to get the job done and to find practical alternatives.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nutrition/Science_Physiology_and_Nutrition_for_the_Nonscientist_(Morrill)/03%3A_Chemistry/3.03%3A_Atomic_WeightNeutrons and protons weigh about the same; their numbers in an atom determine its atomic weight. The actual weights of atoms are infinitesimally small, so atomic weights are given as relative weights—...Neutrons and protons weigh about the same; their numbers in an atom determine its atomic weight. The actual weights of atoms are infinitesimally small, so atomic weights are given as relative weights—relative to carbon having an atomic weight of 12 (6 protons plus 6 neutrons). Thus, hydrogen (1 proton, 0 neutrons) has an atomic weight of 1, oxygen (8 protons, 8 neutrons) an atomic weight of 16.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nutrition/Science_Physiology_and_Nutrition_for_the_Nonscientist_(Morrill)/zz%3A_Back_Matter/21%3A_Appendix/A-4%3A_Dietary_Reference_Intakes%2C_Adult_Daily_Value%2C_Upper_Levela Tolerable Upper Intake Level: the maximum intake at which an adverse effect is unlikely b Not determinable due to lack of data; caution advised as to excessive intake g Women capable of pregnancy ad...a Tolerable Upper Intake Level: the maximum intake at which an adverse effect is unlikely b Not determinable due to lack of data; caution advised as to excessive intake g Women capable of pregnancy advised to get 400 mcg folate from supplements or fortified food i 10-30% of older adults may malabsorb B12; age 51+ advised to get B12 from fortified food or supplements j Upper Level replaced by CDRR (Chronic Disease Risk Reduction Intake): Reduce sodium intake if >2300 mg/day
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nutrition/Science_Physiology_and_Nutrition_for_the_Nonscientist_(Morrill)/12%3A_Cancer/12.06%3A_TreatmentIf a cancer can’t be easily seen or felt, the next best thing is for the cancer to produce early signs that prompt a visit to a doctor. Blood in stool can be from a bleeding ulcer in the digestive tra...If a cancer can’t be easily seen or felt, the next best thing is for the cancer to produce early signs that prompt a visit to a doctor. Blood in stool can be from a bleeding ulcer in the digestive tract, blood in urine can be from a urinary tract infection, most lumps in the breast aren’t cancer. A few cells from the cervix and part of the vagina surrounding the cervix are removed with a swab and examined under a microscope.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nutrition/Science_Physiology_and_Nutrition_for_the_Nonscientist_(Morrill)/05%3A_Energy-Providing_Nutrients/5.12%3A_TriglyceridesBody fat is triglycerides, as is about 95% of fat in food. Saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated describe the fatty acids in the triglycerides. Typically, fat from plants (vegetable oil) is ...Body fat is triglycerides, as is about 95% of fat in food. Saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated describe the fatty acids in the triglycerides. Typically, fat from plants (vegetable oil) is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids. But olive oil is rich in monounsaturated fatty acids, and coconut and palm oils (tropical oils) and cocoa butter are rich in saturated fatty acids. But fat from fish and poultry is rich in monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nutrition/Science_Physiology_and_Nutrition_for_the_Nonscientist_(Morrill)/06%3A_Digestive_Tract/6.07%3A_SummaryWhen a person consumes more lactose than the enzyme can handle, some of the lactose doesn’t get digested and proceeds to the colon where bacteria break it down and make gas as a byproduct. Because the...When a person consumes more lactose than the enzyme can handle, some of the lactose doesn’t get digested and proceeds to the colon where bacteria break it down and make gas as a byproduct. Because the mixture of substances that pass through the colon is so complex, it is extremely hard to identify and sort out the factors that contribute to or help prevent colon cancer.
