15: Consumer Health and Aging
- Page ID
- 73822
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)By the end of this chapter you will be able to:
- Deduce whether health information is valid and reliable.
- Utilize tools to critically analyze health websites.
- Compare complementary and western medicine.
- Explain common challenges associated with Aging.
What will you do to make sure you are not tricked by health fraud?
Have you considered being an organ donor?
How will you plan for retirement?
What will you do to stay healthy as you age?
Every year we get one year older chronologically, does this mean we also get one year older biologically? Our biological age is the age of our body and this is not dependent on our chronological age. You can be a 30 year old who is very healthy and has a biological age closer to 20 year old, or you can be a 30 year old who lives an unhealthy lifestyle and has a biological age closer to 40. Our biological age is highly influenced by the lifestyle choices we make.
In 1900, people lived on average just 47.3 years and by the year 2000, Americans lived an average of 76.8 years. Life expectancy nearly doubled in just 100 years. The leading causes of death in 1900 were highly related to infectious disease. Through numerous public health measures life expectancy has drastically increased and the leading causes of death have transitioned to be more related to a persons lifestyle choices.
The good news is that Americans are living longer lives, but the bad news is that the increase in our older population brings an increase in chronic diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes, arthritis, and dementia. It is estimated that 80% of older adults have a chronic health condition. With so many older adults having chronic health conditions we know there will continue to be an increased need for caregivers. This creates a potential problem because although our older population is growing, or birth rates are declining which may reduce the amount of people to serve as caretakers.
- 15.1: Health Literacy
- This page introduces health literacy and emphasizes the importance of critically assessing health information as individuals age. It defines personal health literacy according to the CDC and stresses the need to evaluate the credibility of various health sources by considering factors like source, quality, bias, and currency. The chapter also warns against health fraud, identifying signs such as miracle cures and quick fixes that consumers should be cautious of when seeking health-related advice.
- 15.2: Healthcare
- This page outlines global health treatments, highlighting the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) alongside conventional practices in the U.S., which lacks universal health coverage. It notes the significance of the Affordable Care Act in reducing uninsured rates. Additionally, it emphasizes universal healthcare, detailing its benefits and listing countries that successfully implement such systems, ensuring essential health services are accessible without financial burden.
- 15.3: Aging
- This page emphasizes the significance of healthy aging and preparation for retirement amid the rising number of older adults. Key factors include cognitive health, regular health screenings, and maintaining a balanced lifestyle. It highlights the risks of social isolation, stress, and depression, while encouraging engagement in leisure activities to enhance well-being and reduce dementia risk. A holistic approach to aging is advocated to promote quality of life as individuals grow older.
- 15.4: Dealing with Death
- This page emphasizes advance care planning, detailing advance directives like living wills and durable powers of attorney for healthcare, and the importance of communicating end-of-life preferences. It highlights organ and brain donation's significance in saving lives and advancing research. Additionally, it covers retirement planning, focusing on financial considerations, potential living expenses, and the role of Social Security in providing post-retirement income.
- 15.5: End-of-Chapter Material
- This page discusses the rising longevity of individuals and emphasizes the need for critical evaluation of health information to prevent fraud. It addresses the absence of universal healthcare in the U.S., urging readers to obtain health coverage.