5: Organization of the Body
- Page ID
- 150541
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)By the end of this chapter, you should be able to
- Describe the basic components and building blocks of the human body
- Identify the 11 body systems and their function
- Define the body cavities and the organs within
- Identify the divisions of the spine
- Describe the planes of the body
- Identify the locations of the abdominal regions and quadrants
This chapter will provide you with an overview of the body’s organization and related concepts. It will give you a chance to use and apply the skills and knowledge you have learned about medical terminology so far. Discussion will focus on the levels of organization within the body and a give basic overview of each of the body systems, which will give you the knowledge required to understand the next chapter of this text. We will also discuss body planes, cavities, abdominal quadrants, and divisions of the spine. The examples and exercises will help solidify your knowledge about the the organization of the human body.
- 5.1: Levels of Organization and Body Systems
- This page expands on medical terminology by covering anatomy and physiology. It describes body structure (anatomy) and function (physiology), detailing levels of organization from atoms to organisms. The chapter explains how cells form tissues, leading to organs and organ systems that collaborate to sustain life. It also introduces 11 body systems, highlighting their functions and key components while emphasizing the interconnectedness of organs within these systems.
- 5.2: Directional Terms and Body Planes
- This page covers directional terms and body planes critical for anatomical description, including anterior, posterior, superior, inferior, lateral, and medial. It explains three key anatomical planes: sagittal, frontal, and transverse, which aid in medical imaging interpretation. Mastery of these concepts is essential for healthcare professionals in assessing conditions and conducting procedures.
- 5.3: Body Cavities and the Abdominal Regions and Quadrants
- This page covers the body's cavities, their structures, and protective functions, distinguishing between dorsal and ventral cavities, including cranial, spinal, thoracic, and abdominopelvic areas. It addresses health issues related to fluid accumulation, such as hydrocephalus and pleural effusion. Additionally, it explains the nine abdominal regions and four quadrants to enhance communication about organ locations among healthcare providers, ultimately improving patient care.
- 5.4: Divisions of the Spine
- This page discusses the spine, or vertebral column, which consists of vertebrae and intervertebral discs that support the body and protect the spinal cord. It starts with 33 vertebrae, reducing to 24 in adults, along with the sacrum and coccyx. The spine is divided into five regions, each with a different number of vertebrae, and includes four curvatures for strength and flexibility.
- 5.5: Review Exercises
- This page includes review exercises to reinforce Chapter 5 concepts, stressing the significance of a thorough chapter review for comprehensive understanding, and acknowledges the original authors of the adapted material.
Attribution
Unless otherwise indicated, material on this page has been adapted from the following resource:
Betts, J. G., Young, K. A., Wise, J. A., Johnson, E., Poe, B., Kruse, D. H., Korol, O., Johnson, J. E., Womble, M., & DeSaix, P. (2013). Anatomy and physiology. OpenStax. https://openstax.org/details/books/anatomy-and-physiology licensed under CC BY 4.0