8: Diagnostic Tests and Procedures
- Page ID
- 150569
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- Describe common laboratory procedures
- Describe common ultrasound procedures
- Describe common nuclear medicine scans
- Describe common radiology procedures
- Describe common clinical procedures
- List abbreviations and their meanings for common diagnostic tests
This chapter will explore diagnostic tests and procedures that are typically performed in a hospital and other medical settings. Tests and procedures occur every day in health care, and many of us have likely had a number of these tests ourselves. This chapter has been organized into lab tests, diagnostic imaging, and clinical procedures. The diagnostic imaging section includes X-rays, ultrasounds, nuclear medicine, and MRIs. Tests and procedures will be explained, abbreviations will be listed where applicable, and important considerations will be discussed. A large assortment of images and some videos will assist you with your learning. Exercises are also provided throughout, as well as a final review to solidify what you have learned.
- 8.1: Laboratory Tests
- This page provides an overview of common laboratory tests in healthcare, emphasizing the analysis of blood and urine to diagnose various medical conditions. It covers key tests such as ALT, CBC, glucose levels, and urinalysis, highlighting their significance in assessing liver, kidney, and overall health.
- 8.2: Diagnostic Imaging- Radiology
- This page covers the history and current applications of X-rays, emphasizing their role in visualizing internal body structures since Wilhelm Röntgen's discovery in 1895. It details various X-ray types, such as chest X-rays and CT scans, crucial for diagnosing medical conditions.
- 8.3: Diagnostic Imaging- Nuclear Medicine, Ultrasound, and MRI
- This page discusses diagnostic imaging techniques, emphasizing the physician's role in choosing methods based on patient needs. It outlines key modalities such as nuclear medicine, MRI, and ultrasound, each with specific advantages and limitations. The page also includes references to various imaging equipment and techniques like PET/CT and color Doppler ultrasound, while providing a definition of malignancy as uncontrolled growth often associated with cancer spread.
- 8.4: Diagnostic Imaging- Example Scans
- This page provides examples of diagnostic imaging scans, featuring annotated X-rays of the chest and abdomen, highlighting normal anatomy and various conditions such as enlarged aortic knobs, bowel dilation, and toxic megacolon. It also covers pediatric cases of foreign body ingestion and pre- and post-operative X-rays for fractures. Additionally, MRI comparisons are made for lung conditions like COPD and asthma, enhancing the reader's understanding of diagnostic imaging.
- 8.5: Clinical Tests and Procedures
- This page provides an overview of crucial diagnostic tests and procedures used in hospitals, highlighting their individual purposes. Key methods include amniocentesis, bronchoscopies, Pap smears, and ECGs, which aid in diagnosing various health issues from chromosomal disorders to cancer. Regular health screenings, particularly for women, are emphasized, alongside techniques such as phlebotomy, paracentesis, and spirometry for monitoring and diagnosing health conditions.
- 8.6: Review Exercises
- This page highlights the significance of reviewing chapter content and final exercises for a thorough understanding of Chapter 8's concepts, and acknowledges the authors and source of the material, which is adapted from an open-access anatomy and physiology textbook.
Attribution
Unless otherwise indicated, material on this page has been adapted from the following resource:
Betts, J. G., Young, K. A., Wise, J. A., Johnson, E., Poe, B., Kruse, D. H., Korol, O., Johnson, J. E., Womble, M., & DeSaix, P. (2013). Anatomy and physiology. OpenStax. https://openstax.org/details/books/anatomy-and-physiology licensed under CC BY 4.0