Skip to main content
Medicine LibreTexts

16.8: References

  • Page ID
    110339
  • \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)

    \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash {#1}}} \)

    \( \newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)

    ( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\)

    \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\)

    \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\)

    \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\)

    \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\)

    \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\)

    \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\)

    \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorA}[1]{\vec{#1}}      % arrow\)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorAt}[1]{\vec{\text{#1}}}      % arrow\)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorB}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorC}[1]{\textbf{#1}} \)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorD}[1]{\overrightarrow{#1}} \)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorDt}[1]{\overrightarrow{\text{#1}}} \)

    \( \newcommand{\vectE}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{\mathbf {#1}}}} \)

    \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)

    \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash {#1}}} \)

    \(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)

    Abbasinia, M., Ahmadi, F., & Kazemnejad, A. (2019). Patient advocacy in nursing: A concept analysis. Nursing Ethics, 27(1), 141–151. doi.org/10.1177/0969733019832950

    Aiken, L. H., Sloane, D. M., McHugh, M. D., Pogue, C. A., & Lasater, K. B. (2023). A repeated cross-sectional study of nurses immediately before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: Implications for action. Nursing Outlook, 71(1), 101903. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2022.11.007

    American Association of Colleges of Nursing. (n.d.). Domain 9: Professionalism. https://www.aacnnursing.org/essentia...rofessionalism

    American Association of Critical-Care Nurses. (2020, March). AACN position statement: Moral distress in times of crisis. https://www.aacn.org/policy-and-advo...imes-of-crisis

    American Association of Critical-Care Nurses. (n.d.). Moral distress. https://www.aacn.org/clinical-resour...moral-distress

    American Nurses Association Center for Ethics and Human Rights. (2019). The nurse’s role when a patient requests medical aid in dying. American Nurses Association. https://www.nursingworld.org/practic...ion-statements

    American Nurses Association Center for Ethics and Human Rights. (2021). Nurses’ professional responsibility to promote ethical practice environments. American Nurses Association. www.nursingworld.org/~4ab6e6...2021-final.pdf

    American Nurses Association Center for Ethics and Human Rights. (2022). Risk and responsibility in providing nursing care. American Nurses Association. www.nursingworld.org/~4a811b...rsing-care.pdf

    American Nurses Association. (2015). Code of ethics for nurses with interpretive statements. https://www.nursingworld.org/practic...cs-for-nurses/

    American Nurses Association. (2017, December 20). The nursing process. https://www.nursingworld.org/practic...rsing-process/

    American Nurses Association. (2017a, December 13). Things to know about whistle blowing. https://www.nursingworld.org/practic...istle-blowing/

    American Nurses Association. (2021). Nursing: Scope and standards of practice (4th ed.).

    American Nurses Association. (2022, April). Nurses bill of rights. https://www.nursingworld.org/practic...ill-of-rights/

    Anderson, R., & Henriksen, J. (2019). A practical approach to disclosing conscientious objection. American Nurse Today, 14(12).

    Association of Public Health Nurses (APHN). (2022). Advocacy toolkit. https://www.phnurse.org/advocacy-toolkit

    Blackwood, D. H., Walker, D., Mythen, M. G., Taylor, R. M., & Vindrola‐Padros, C. (2019). Barriers to advance care planning with patients as perceived by nurses and other healthcare professionals: A systematic review. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 28(23–24), 4276–4297. doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15049

    Boehning, A. P., & Haddad, L. M. (2022, July 18). Nursing practice act. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559012/

    British Medical Association. (2021, June 16). Moral distress and moral injury: Recognising and tackling it for UK doctors. https://www.bma.org.uk/media/4209/bm...-june-2021.pdf

    Carlson, K. (2024). Understanding a nurse’s role as a mandated reporter. NurseJournal. https://nursejournal.org/resources/u...ated-reporter/

    Čartolovni, A., Stolt, M., Scott, P. A., & Suhonen, R. (2021). Moral injury in healthcare professionals: A scoping review and discussion. Nursing Ethics, 28(5), 590–602. doi.org/10.1177/0969733020966776

    Center for Public Health Practice. (2022, October 3). Ethical considerations in public health nursing. Minnesota Department of Health. www.health.state.mn.us/commu...derations.html

    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023, August). Weekly statistics from the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS). https://wonder.cdc.gov/nndss/nndss_w...ables_menu.asp

    Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. (n.d.) The accountable health communities health-related social needs screening tool. https://www.cms.gov/priorities/innov...eeningtool.pdf

    Chen, Y., Xie, C., Zheng, P., & Zeng, Y. (2022). Altruism in nursing from 2012 to 2022: A scoping review. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1046991

    Chowdhury, M. R. (2023, March 3). The 3 best questionnaires for measuring values. PositivePsychology.com. positivepsychology.com/values-questionnaire/

    Cole, D. A., Bersick, E., Skarbek, A., Cummins, K., Dugan, K., & Grantoza, R. (2019). The courage to speak out: A study describing nurses’ attitudes to report unsafe practices in patient care. Journal of Nursing Management, 27(6), 1176–1181. doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12789

    De Panfilis, L., Di Leo, S., Peruselli, C., Ghirotto, L., & Tanzi, S. (2019). “I go into crisis when . . .”: Ethics of care and moral dilemmas in palliative care. BMC Palliative Care, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12904-019-0453-2

    Dineen-Griffin, S., Garcia-Cardenas, V., Williams, K., & Benrimoj, S. I. (2019). Helping patients help themselves: A systematic review of self-management support strategies in Primary Health Care Practice. PLOS ONE, 14(8). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0220116

    Eaton, D. (2021, March 18). Nursing advocacy beyond the bedside. Wolters Kluwer. https://www.wolterskluwer.com/en/exp...nd-the-bedside

    edX.org. (2023, April 7). Nursing certifications. Nursing License Map with edX. https://nursinglicensemap.com/resour...certification/

    Fitzgerald, A. (2020). Professional identity: A concept analysis. Nursing Forum, 55(3), 447–472. doi.org/10.1111/nuf.12450

    Gaines, K. (2023, February 21). Why nursing school accreditation matters. Nurse.org. https://nurse.org/education/nursing-...accreditation/

    Ganz, F. D. (2019). Improving family intensive care unit experiences at the end of life: Barriers and facilitators. Critical Care Nurse, 39(3), 52–58. doi.org/10.4037/ccn2019721

    Gerchow, L., Burka, L. R., Miner, S., & Squires, A. (2021). Language barriers between nurses and patients: A scoping review. Patient Education and Counseling, 104(3), 534–553. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2020.09.017

    Guido, G. W. (2020). Legal and ethical issues in nursing (7th ed.). Pearson Education, Inc.

    Habeeb, S. (2022). Importance of professional values in nursing and healthcare. HSOA Journal of Practical and Professional Nursing, 6, 033. https://doi.org/10.24966/PPN-5681/100033

    Haring, C. (2023, March 29). Medical aid in dying end-of-life option offers dignity. Death With Dignity. https://deathwithdignity.org/news/20...3-senior-guide

    Health Resources and Services Administration. (2023, April). Health center program site visit protocol: Examples of credentialing and privileging documentation. https://bphc.hrsa.gov/compliance/sit...ng-privileging

    Hill, L., Artiga, S., Ranji, U., Gomez, I., & Ndugga, N. (2024). What are the implications of the overturning of Roe v. Wade for racial disparities? Kaiser Family Foundation. https://www.kff.org/racial-equity-an...l-disparities/

    Hunt, P. (2023, February 7). AHA patient’s Bill of Rights. APRA. https://www.americanpatient.org/aha-...ill-of-rights/

    International Council of Nurses. (2021). The ICN code of ethics for nurses. https://www.icn.ch/sites/default/fil...ics_EN_Web.pdf

    Kakacek, B. (2022, November 9). Whistleblower rights and protections for nurses. Nurse.org. https://nurse.org/articles/whistlebl...ion-for-nurses

    Karam, M., Chouinard, M.-C., Poitras, M.-E., Couturier, Y., Vedel, I., Grgurevic, N., & Hudon, C. (2021). Nursing care coordination for patients with complex needs in primary healthcare: A scoping review. International Journal of Integrated Care, 21(1), 16. https://doi.org/10.5334/ijic.5518

    Kennedy, K. O., Puccetti, D. F., Marron, J. M., & Brown, S. D. (2023). Potentially inappropriate treatment: Competing ethical considerations. AACN Advanced Critical Care, 34(2), 161–167. doi.org/10.4037/aacnacc2023884

    Kerley, L., & Toney-Butler, T. J. (2023, April 17). Nursing advocacy. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499928/

    Kohlen, H., & McCarthy, J. (2020). Introduction. In H. Kohlen & J. McCarthy (Eds.), Nursing ethics: Feminist perspectives Nursing ethics: Feminist perspectives (pp. xiiii–xxi). Springer.

    Kosmidis, D., Koutsouki, S., & Theofanidis, D. (2021). Values in nursing and the virtues of the profession: A systematic critical review. Health & Research Journal, 7(4), 218–231. https://doi.org/10.12681/healthresj.28192

    Kosmidis, D., Koutsouki, S., & Theofanidis, D. (2021). Values in nursing and the virtues of the profession: A systematic critical review. Health and Research Journal, 7(4), 218–231. https://doi.org/10.12681/healthresj.28192

    Kubsch, S., Tyczkowski, B., & Passel, C. (2020). Altruism and the difficult patient. Journal of Holistic Nursing, 39(1), 43–55. doi.org/10.1177/0898010120933123

    Kwame, A., Petrucka, P. M. (2021). A literature-based study of patient-centered care and communication in nurse-patient interactions: Barriers, facilitators, and the way forward. BMC Nursing, 20, 158 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-021-00684-2

    Lamb, C., & Pesut, B. (2021). Conscience and conscientious objection in nursing: A personalist bioethics approach. Nursing Ethics, 28(7–8), 1319–1328. doi.org/10.1177/0969733021996037

    Latham, C. L., Ringl, K., & Hogan, M. (2020). Transforming students’ educational experience through cultural mindedness, peer mentoring, and student input. Journal of Nursing Education, 59(4), 194–202.

    Lathrop, B. (2020). Moving toward health equity by addressing social determinants of health. Nursing for Women’s Health, 24(1), 36–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nwh.2019.11.003

    Manderius, C., Clintståhl, K., Sjöström, K., & Örmon, K. (2023). The psychiatric mental health nurse’s ethical considerations regarding the use of coercive measures – A qualitative interview study. BMC Nursing, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-023-01186-z

    Melnyk, B. M., Tan, A., Hsieh, A. P., Gawlik, K., Arslanian-Engoren, C., Braun, L. T., Dunbar, S., Dunbar-Jacob, J., Lewis, L. M., Millan, A., Orsolini, L., Robbins, L. B., Russell, C. L., Tucker, S., & Wilbur, J. (2021). Critical care nurses’ physical and mental health, worksite wellness support, and medical errors. American Journal of Critical Care, 30(3), 176–184. doi.org/10.4037/ajcc2021301

    Moniem, M. M. A. E., Saleh, M. S., & Hassan, E. A. (2019). Critical care nurses’ attitudes toward ageism and its relation to their perception of geriatric patients’ advocacy behaviors. International Journal of Novel Research in Healthcare and Nursing International Journal of Novel Research in Healthcare and Nursing, 6(2), 1519–1529.

    National Institute on Aging. (2023, July 21). Elder abuse. www.nia.nih.gov/health/elder-abuse

    National Labor Relations Board. (2023, July). No Fear Act. https://www.nlrb.gov/reports/regulat...es/no-fear-act

    Newans, J., & Siddiqui, N. (2021). Barriers contributing to policy deviation: A mixed methods study of policymakers and frontline nurses. American Journal of Nursing Research, 9(5), 164–170. https://doi.org/10.12691/ajnr-9-5-2

    Nikitara, M., Constantinou, C. S., Andreou, E., & Diomidous, M. (2019). The role of nurses and the facilitators and barriers in diabetes care: A mixed methods systematic literature review. Behavioral Sciences, 9(6), 61. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs9060061

    Nsiah, C., Siakwa, M., & Ninnoni, J. P. (2019). Barriers to practicing patient advocacy in healthcare setting. Nursing Open, 7(2), 650–659. doi.org/10.1002/nop2.436

    Ntoumanis, N., Ng, J. Y. Y., Prestwich, A., Quested, E., Hancox, J. E., Thøgersen-Ntoumani, C., Deci, E. L., Ryan, R. M., Lonsdale, C., & Williams, G. C. (2020). A meta-analysis of self-determination theory-informed intervention studies in the health domain: Effects on motivation, health behavior, physical, and psychological health. Health Psychology Review, 15(2), 214–244. doi.org/10.1080/17437199.2020.1718529

    Nurses Service Organization and CNA Financial Corporation. (2021). Nurse professional liability exposure claim report: 4th edition. Nursing Service Organization. https://www.nso.com/getmedia/499d682...ONLINE_SEC.pdf

    O’Neill, S. P. (2021). Individual nurse liability insurance: Understand your options. American Nurse Journal, 16(5).

    Occupational Safety and Health Administration. (2021). Healthcare—Overview. www.osha.gov/healthcare

    Occupational Safety and Health Administration. (n.d.). Whistleblower protection program. U.S. Department of Labor. www.whistleblowers.gov/

    Office for Civil Rights. (2021, August 16). HIPAA for professionals. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. www.hhs.gov/hipaa/for-profes...als/index.html

    Pajakoski, E., Rannikko, S., Leino‐Kilpi, H., & Numminen, O. (2021). Moral courage in nursing – An integrative literature review. Nursing & Health Sciences, 23(3), 570–585. doi.org/10.1111/nhs.12805

    Peršolja, M. (2023). Effects of nurses’ schedule characteristics on fatigue. Nursing Management, 54(4), 28–37. doi.org/10.1097/01.numa.0000921904.11222.11

    Poorchangizi, B., Borhani, F., Abbaszadeh, A., Mirzaee, M., & Farokhzadian, J. (2019). The importance of professional values from nursing students’ perspective. BMC Nursing, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-019-0351-1

    Rainbow, J. G., Drake, D. A., & Steege, L. M. (2019). Nurse health, work environment, presenteeism and patient safety. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 42(5), 332–339. doi.org/10.1177/0193945919863409

    Rich, K. L. (2023). Introduction to bioethics and ethical decision making. In J. B. Butts & K. L. Rich (Eds.), Nursing ethics: Across the curriculum and into practice (6th ed., pp. 27–66). Jones & Barlett Learning.

    Ronquillo, Y., Pesce, M. B., & Varacallo, M. (2022, July 4). Tort. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441953/

    Royal College of Nursing. (2023, July 13). Principles of nursing practice. www.rcn.org.uk/Professional-...rsing-practice

    Rozmus, C. L., & Spike, J. P. (2018). Ethical theories and principles. In M. McEwen & E. Wills (Eds.), Theoretical basis for nursing (5th ed., pp. 334–349). Wolters Kluwer.

    Rushton, C. H. (2023). Transforming moral suffering by cultivating moral resilience and ethical practice. American Journal of Critical Care, 32(4), 238–248. doi.org/10.4037/ajcc2023207

    Sagiv, L., & Schwartz, S. H. (2022). Personal values across cultures. Annual Review of Psychology, 73(1), 517–546. doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-020821-125100

    Thomas, R., & Reeves, M. (2022, July 11). Mandatory reporting laws. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560690/

    U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, Bureau of Health Workforce. (2018). NPDB guidebook. https://www.npdb.hrsa.gov/resources/...Guidebooks.jsp

    Vearrier, L., & Henderson, C. M. (2021). Utilitarian principlism as a framework for crisis healthcare ethics. HEC Forum, 33(1–2), 45–60. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10730-020-09431-7

    Weis, D., & Schank, M. J. (2017). Development and psychometric evaluation of the Nurses Professional Values scale-3. Journal of Nursing Measurement, 25(3), 400–410. doi.org/10.1891/1061-3749.25.3.400

    Weiss, S. A., Tappen, R. M., & Grimley, K. A. (2019). Nursing practice and the law. In S. A. Weiss, R. M. Tappen, & K. Grimley (Eds.), Essentials of nursing leadership and management (7th ed., pp. 35–54). F.A. Davis Company.

    Weiss, S. A., Tappen, R. M., & Grimley, K. A. (2019). Professional ethics and values. In S. A. Weiss, R. M. Tappen, & K. Grimley (Eds.), Essentials of nursing leadership & management (7th ed., pp. 13–34). F.A. Davis Company.

    Wells, S. K., & Delgado, S. A. (2023). Reengaging in nursing. Critical Care Nurse, 43(1), 72–74. doi.org/10.4037/ccn2023429

    Wiisak, J., Suhonen, R., & Leino‐Kilpi, H. (2022). Reasoning for whistleblowing in health care. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 37(2), 316–327. doi.org/10.1111/scs.13109

    Williams, S., Phillips, J., & Koyama, K. (2018). Nurse advocacy: Adopting a health in all policies approach. OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 23(3). https://doi.org/10.3912/ojin.vol23no03man01

    Worcester, S. (2023, August 15). Patient safety vs public health: The ethylene oxide dilemma. Medscape. www.medscape.com/viewarticle/995482


    This page titled 16.8: References is shared under a CC BY 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by OpenStax via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform.