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21.6: Key Terms

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    albumin
    the most abundant protein circulating in the blood, with many functions within the body; used as a marker for protein status
    body image
    perception a person has about their physical body, including any feelings associated with that perception
    body mass index (BMI)
    a value that is calculated from an individual’s height and weight to provide as measurement relative to the standards for ideal body weight
    calorie
    a unit measure of energy
    carbohydrate
    macronutrient used to fuel the immediate energy needs of the body
    cellular respiration
    the breakdown of energy-rich nutrients (carbohydrates, fats, and proteins) to provide ATP, which fuels cellular functions within the body
    dehydration
    a fluid volume deficit that occurs with inadequate water intake or excessive water loss or both
    dietary reference intake (DRI)
    scientifically developed values for essential nutrients and other food components
    enteral nutrition
    nutrition that is directly administered into the stomach
    esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)
    imaging study used to evaluate the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum for abnormalities such as ulcers, inflammation, or tumors
    fat
    large, complex molecule made up of fatty acids and glycerol
    food desert
    a geographical area where fresh produce and foodstuffs are either too expensive or unavailable
    food insecurity
    the state of having limited access to adequate food
    ideal body weight (IBW)
    weight at which a person maintains optimal health benefits
    macronutrient
    nutrient consumed in large quantities to meet the body’s energy needs
    malnutrition
    an imbalance between the nutrients consumed and nutrients needed; includes both undernutrition and overnutrition and involves both macronutrients and micronutrients
    metabolism
    the process by which substances are chemically broken down to meet the body’s nutrient and energy needs
    micronutrient
    nutrient found in small quantities within the body but still necessary for physiological functions
    mineral
    essential to physiological processing; some are macronutrients, and some are micronutrients
    modified barium swallow study (MBSS)
    a procedure for viewing the anatomical and swallowing physiology of a bolus of food under video fluoroscopy
    parenteral nutrition (PN)
    nutrition delivered intravenously by a central line
    protein
    macronutrient made up of amino acids
    recommended dietary allowances (RDAs)
    guidelines developed by the U.S. government for consuming the nutrients that make up a healthy diet
    reference daily intake (RDI)
    average daily intake of a population
    vitamin
    essential micronutrient vital to biochemical regulation within the human body

    This page titled 21.6: Key Terms was last modified on Tue, 24 Dec 2024 20:59:43 GMT and is shared under a CC BY 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by OpenStax via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform.

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