38.5: Key Terms
- Page ID
- 110671
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- adolescence
- the life stage from 12 to 17 years
- adult
- the life stage from 36 to 64 years
- anticipatory guidance
- the process of proactively counseling caregivers regarding significant physical, psychological, emotional, and developmental changes their child will encounter in the future
- associative play
- play in which participants involve and engage with others around them
- atraumatic care
- care that strives to eliminate as much patient trauma as possible from the experience
- cephalocaudal
- head-to-toe
- conservation
- the understanding that something may change its size or appearance without also changing its quantity
- cooperative play
- play in which all participants are expected to follow established rules
- decentering
- the process of investigating more than one problem at a time
- development
- the process by which a person gains various skills and functions
- dramatic play
- play in which participants take on roles and characters and use their imagination to interact with their surroundings
- ego
- the regulator between the id and the superego
- fine motor skills
- precise movements of small muscle groups
- generativity
- making a mark on the world with something that will outlast the life of the individual
- gross motor skills
- coordination of large muscle groups
- growth
- physical change in size
- herd immunity
- a landmark reached when a significant portion of the population (the “herd”) becomes immune to a disease
- id
- the primitive or unconscious part of the mind, which seeks gratification though physical needs
- immunization
- the method by which a person develops protection against a disease through vaccination
- infancy
- the life stage from 0 to 12 months
- middle childhood
- the life stage from 6 to 11 years
- neonatal
- the period of time from birth to 28 days
- object permanence
- the understanding that an object still exists even after it is hidden or moved from sight
- onlooker play
- the process of watching others perform a task or engage in play
- parallel play
- play in which participants play side by side but not with one another
- play
- considered the work of children; a crucial aspect in growth and development
- preschooler
- the life stage from 3 to 5 years
- puberty
- the stage of development during which physical and sexual maturity occurs and individuals become capable of reproduction
- reversibility
- the ability to understand a process and the steps of a process in any order
- solitary play
- an act of independent play
- superego
- the part of the mind responsible for upholding social norms and making moral decisions
- theory of cognitive development
- Jean Piaget’s theory that claims that individuals pass through four stages from birth to adolescence and notes changes in a person’s ability to use logic and scientific theory as they develop
- theory of moral development
- Lawrence Kohlberg’s theory, building upon Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, that moral reasoning develops in stages
- theory of psychosocial development
- Erik Erikson’s theory that personality develops through stages in a predetermined order, with two outcomes at each stage: successful completion or unsuccessful completion
- toddler
- the life stage from 1 to 3 years
- vaccination
- the act of presenting a vaccine to the body to elicit protection from a specific disease
- young adults
- the life stage from 18 to 35 years