Skip to main content
Medicine LibreTexts

2.9: References

  • Page ID
    104467
  • \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)

    \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash {#1}}} \)

    \( \newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)

    ( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\)

    \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\)

    \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\)

    \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\)

    \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\)

    \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\)

    \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\)

    \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorA}[1]{\vec{#1}}      % arrow\)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorAt}[1]{\vec{\text{#1}}}      % arrow\)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorB}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorC}[1]{\textbf{#1}} \)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorD}[1]{\overrightarrow{#1}} \)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorDt}[1]{\overrightarrow{\text{#1}}} \)

    \( \newcommand{\vectE}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{\mathbf {#1}}}} \)

    \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)

    \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash {#1}}} \)

    \(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)

    Alarcon F. J. (2022). The migrant crisis and access to health care. Delaware Journal of Public Health, 8(4), 20–25. https://djph.org/wp-content/uploads/...jph-84-006.pdf

    American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2016, reaffirmed in 2019). Committee opinion Number 644: Refusal of medically recommended treatment during pregnancy. https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinic...ring-pregnancy

    American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2022, September). Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) teens. https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/lgbtq-teens

    American Psychological Association. (n.d.). Child-rearing practice. APA Dictionary of Psychology. https://dictionary.apa.org/child-rearing-practice

    Amoadu, M., Ansah, E., Assopiah, P., Acquah, P., Ansah, J. E., Berchie, E., Hagan, D., & Amoah, E. (2022). Socio-cultural factors influencing adolescent pregnancy in Ghana: A scoping review. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 22. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-022-05172-2

    Applebury, G. (2020, August 20). Common family roles and their evolution over time. https://www.lovetoknow.com/life/rela...theyve-changed

    Attum, B., Hafiz, S., Malik, A., & Shamoon, Z. (2023, July 3). Cultural competence in the care of Muslim patients and their families. StatPearls [Internet]. National Institutes of Health: National Library of Medicine. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499933/

    Boggan, L. (2015, September 16). Birth traditions around the world. AWHONN. https://awhonnconnections.org/2015/0...und-the-world/

    Booysen, F., Botha, F., & Wouters, E. (2021). Conceptual causal models of socioeconomic status, family structure, family functioning and their role in public health. BMC Public Health, 12, 191. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-10214-z

    Center for Equity, Gender, & Leadership (EGAL). (2020). Supporting dual career couples: An equity fluid leadership playbook (pp. 1–64). Berkeley Haas. https://haas.berkeley.edu/wp-content...er-Couples.pdf

    Center for Health Care Strategies. (2021). What is trauma-informed care? https://www.traumainformedcare.chcs....informed-care/

    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022). Births: Final data for 2020. National Vital Statistics Reports, 70(17). https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/n.../nvsr70-17.pdf

    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023, May 9). Rural health. www.cdc.gov/ruralhealth/about.html

    Chinese medicine. Chinese Medicine | Johns Hopkins Medicine. (2019, December 2). www.hopkinsmedicine.org/heal...inese-medicine

    Colangelo, M. (2020). Child rearing and cultural diversity. Contributions of anthropology to pediatric practice. Archivos Argentinos de Pediatria, 188(4), e379–e383. https://www.sap.org.ar/docs/publicac...v118n4a12e.pdf

    Collectivist countries 2024. (2024.). World Population Review. https://worldpopulationreview.com/co...vist-countries

    Crear-Perry, J., Correa-de-Araujo, R., Lewis Johnson, T., McLemore, M. R., Neilson, E., & Wallace, M. (2021). Social and structural determinants of health inequities in maternal health. Journal of Women's Health, 30(2), 230–235. doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2020.8882

    Cruz, M. L., Christie, S., Allen, E., Meza, E., Nápoles, A. M., & Mehta, K. M. (2022). Traditional healers as healthcare providers for the Latin community in the United States, a systematic review. Health Equity, 6(1), 412–426. doi.org/10.1089/heq.2021.0099

    Culturally and linguistically appropriate services. (2023, July). Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD. https://www.ahrq.gov/sdoh/clas/index.html

    Dawson, R., & Leong, T. (2020). Not up for debate: LGBTQ people need and deserve tailored sexual and reproductive health care. LGBTQ: Sexual and Reproductive Health Care. Guttmacher Institute. https://www.guttmacher.org/article/2...ductive-health

    DeLoughery, T. G. (2020). Transfusion replacement strategies in Jehovah’s Witnesses and others who decline blood products. Clinical Advances in Hematology & Oncology, 18(12). https://www.hematologyandoncology.ne...lood-products/

    Deutsch, M. B., & Buchholz, D. (2015). Electronic medical records and the transgender patient: Practical recommendations for the collection of gender identity data. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 30(6), 843–847. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-014-3148-7

    Dydyk, A.M., & Grandhe, S. (2023, January 29). Pain assessment. StatPearls [Internet]. National Institutes of Health: National Library of Medicine. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK556098/

    Echezona-Johnson, C. (n.d.). Pregnancy in African cultures. RN-Journal.com. https://rn-journal.com/journal-of-nu...rican-cultures

    Family development theory. (2023, July). International Encyclopedia of Marriage and Family. https://www.encyclopedia.com/referen...lopment-theory

    Family education. (2022). Medical consent for your stepchild: Learn about policies that allow stepparents to gain authority to care for their stepchildren. Sandbox Learning. https://www.familyeducation.com/fami...your-stepchild

    Fatehi, K., Priestley, J. L., & Taasoobshirazi, G. (2020). The expanded view of individualism and collectivism: One, two, or four dimensions? International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 20(1), 7–24. doi.org/10.1177/1470595820913077

    Firth, H., & Firth, F. (2014). Families and their relatives. International Library of Sociology. Routledge.

    Friedman, S. H., Kaempf, A., & Kauffman, S. (2023). The realities of pregnancy and mothering while incarcerated. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online, 51(2). https://jaapl.org/content/early/2020...AAPL.003924-20

    Fry, R. (2023, August 3). Almost 1 in 5 stay-at-home parents in the U.S. are dads. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/short-re...e-us-are-dads/

    Gatrad, A. R., & Sheikh, A. (2001). Muslim birth customs. Archives of Disease in Childhood—Fetal and Neonatal Edition, 84, F6–F8. dx.doi.org/10.1136/fn.84.1.F

    Gay & Lesbian Medical Association. (2014). Guidelines for care of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender patients. https://npin.cdc.gov/publication/gui...ender-patients.

    Giger, J. N., & Davidhizar R. (2002). The Giger and Davidhizar Transcultural Assessment Model. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 13(3), p. 185–188. journals.sagepub.com/doi/10....59602013003004

    Givler, A., & Bhatt, H. (2022, May 23). The importance of cultural competence in pain and palliative care. StatPearls [Internet]. https://www.statpearls.com/ArticleLi...warticle/41271

    Hall, E. T. (1966). The Hidden Dimension. Anchor Books.

    Hampton, R. S., & Varnum, M. E. (2020). Individualism-collectivism. In V. Zeigler-Hill & T. K. Shackelford (Eds.). Encyclopedia of personality and individual differences. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24612-3_2023

    He, H., Usami, S., Rikimaru, Y., & Jiang, L. (2021). Cultural roots of parenting: Mothers’ parental social cognitions and practices from Western US and Shanghai/China. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.565040

    HealthCare.gov (n.d.). Health coverage for immigrants. https://www.healthcare.gov/immigrants/

    How a Native American coming-of-age ritual is making a comeback. (2020, February, 10). The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/how-a-na...omeback-130524

    Human Rights Campaign. (2018). Healthcare Quality Index 2018: Rising to the new standard of promoting equitable and inclusive care for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender, and queer patients and their families. https://assets2.hrc.org/files/assets...inalReport.pdf

    Human Rights Campaign. (2022). Understanding intimate partner violence in the LGBTQ+ community. https://www.hrc.org/resources/unders...gbtq-community

    Jillings, B. (2017). Nurse tips for working with patients with disabilities. AMN Healthcare: Nurse Choice. https://www.nursechoice.com/blog/pro...-disabilities/

    Joint Commission. (2021, November). Language access and interpreter services: Understanding the requirements. https://www.jointcommission.org/stan...-ri/000002120/

    Jones, R. K., Witwer, E., & Jerman, J. (2020). Transgender abortion patients and the provision of transgender-specific care at non-hospital facilities that provide abortions. Contraception: X, 2, 1–2.

    Lang, D. (2020). Parenting and family diversity issues: Family development theory. https://iastate.pressbooks.pub/paren...-cycle-theory/

    Law Offices of Hector A. Montoya. (2021). Do step-parents have any legal rights over their step-kids? https://www.thetucsonlawyer.com/blog...eir-step-kids/

    Leininger, M. (1988). Leininger’s theory of nursing: Cultural care diversity and universality. Nursing Science Quarterly, 152–160. doi.org/10.1177/089431848800100408

    Lloyd, C. M., Alvira-Hammond, M., Carlson, J., & Logan, D. (2021, March). Family, economic, and geographical characteristics of Black families with children. Black children & families. Child Trends. https://www.childtrends.org/publicat...-with-children

    Martin, A., Albrechtsons, D., MacDonald, N., Aumeerally, N., & Wong, T. (2020). Becoming parents again: Challenges affecting grandparent primary caregivers raising their grandchildren. Paediatrics & Child Health, 26(4), e166–e171. https://doi.org/10.1093/pch/pxaa052

    Medina-Martínez, J., Saus-Ortega, C., Sánchez-Lorente, M. M., Sosa-Palanca, E. M., García-Martínez, P., & Mármol-López, M. I. (2021). Health inequities in LGBT people and nursing interventions to reduce them: A systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(22), 11801. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182211801

    Mirza, S. A., & Roney, C. (2018). Discrimination prevents LGBTQ people from accessing health care. Center for American Progress. www.americanprogress.org/art...g-health-care/

    Mitra, M., McKee, M. M., Akobirshoev, I., Valentine, A., Ritter, G., Zhang, J., McKee, K., & Iezzoni, L. I. (2020). Pregnancy, birth, and infant outcomes among women who are deaf or hard of hearing. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 58(3), 418–426.

    Mokgobi, M. G. (2014, September). Understanding traditional African healing. African Journal for Physical Health Education, Recreation, and Dance. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4651463/

    Movement Advancement Project. (2024). LGBT populations: LGBT people raising children. https://www.lgbtmap.org/equality_map...ations/raising

    National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (2017). Communities in action: Pathways to health equity. https://doi.org/10.17226/24624.

    Onieva-Zafra, M. D., Fernández-Martínez, E., Abreu-Sánchez, A., Iglesias-López, M. T., García-Padilla, F. M., Pedregal-González, M., & Parra-Fernández, M. L. (2020). Relationship between diet, menstrual pain and other menstrual characteristics among Spanish students. Nutrients, 12(6), 1759. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12061759

    Ramulondi, M., de Wet, H., & Ntuli, N. R. (2021). Traditional food taboos and practices during pregnancy, postpartum recovery, and infant care of Zulu women in northern KwaZulu-Natal. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 17(15). ethnobiomed.biomedcentral.co...002-021-00451-

    Ratini, M. (1996–2023). What are the advantages of a single-parent family? MedicineNet Inc. https://www.medicinenet.com/what_are...ly/article.htm

    Riggan, K. A., Gilbert, A., & Allyse, M. A. (2021). Acknowledging and addressing allostatic load in pregnancy care. Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, 8, 69–79. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-020-00757-z

    Sahithya, B. R., Manohari, S. M., & Vijaya, R. (2019). Parenting styles and its impact on children: A cross-cultural review with a focus on India. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 22(4), 357–383. doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2019.1594178

    Saxena, D. (2021). When grandparents become parents to their grandchildren. North Dakota State University. https://www.ndsu.edu/agriculture/ext...-grandchildren

    Schnaith, A., Schifsky, J., Schifsky, T., & Pitt, M. B. (2021). Communication strategies for patients who are nonverbal. Pediatrics, 148(3). 1–5. publications.aap.org/pediatr...eck=redirected

    Servaes, S., Choudhury, P., & Parikh, A. K. (2022). What is diversity? Pediatric radiology, 52(9), 1708–1710. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-022-05356-0

    Smith, T. J., Tan, X., Arnold, C. D., Sitthideth, D., Kounnavong, S., & Hess, S. Y. (2021). Traditional prenatal and postpartum food restrictions among women in northern Lao PDR. Maternal & Child Nutrition, 18, e13273. doi.org/10.1111/mcn.13273

    Swihart, D. L., Yarrarapu, S. N. S., & Martin, R. L. (2022, November 14). Cultural religious competence in clinical practice. NCBI Bookshelf. StatPearls [Internet]. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK493216/

    Syed Abdullah, S. Z. (2022). Menstrual food restrictions and taboos: A qualitative study on rural, resettlement and urban indigenous Temiar of Malaysia. PloS One, 17(12), e0279629. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279629

    Tesfamariam, T. (2020, November 18). 4 world cultures and religions that embrace plant-based eating. Greenpeace. www.greenpeace.org.uk/news/w...an-vegan-diet/

    The Annie E. Casey Foundation. (2023, June 23). Child well-being in single-parent families. https://www.aecf.org/blog/child-well...arent-families

    The Step Family Foundation. (n.d.). Stepfamily statistics. https://www.stepfamily.org/stepfamily-statistics.html

    Tobing, V. Y., Afiyanti, Y., & Rachmawati, I. N. (2019). Following the cultural norms as an effort to protect the mother and baby during the perinatal period: An ethnographic study of women’s food choices. The Second International Nursing Scholar Congress of Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, 29(S2), 831–836. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.04.125

    Treisman, R. (2022, October 12). Millions of Americans are losing access to maternal care. Here’s what can be done. NPR. https://www.npr.org/2022/10/12/11283...f-dimes-report

    U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2020). Comparing characteristic and selected expenditures of dual- and single-income households with children. www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2020/ar...h-children.pdf

    U.S. Census Bureau. (n.d.). Why we ask questions about grandparents as caregivers. https://www.census.gov/acs/www/about.../grandparents/

    U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (n.d.-a). Office of population affairs: Trends in teen pregnancy and childbearing. opa.hhs.gov/adolescent-healt...d-childbearing

    U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (n.d.-b). Healthy People 2030: Pregnancy and childbirth. https://health.gov/healthypeople/obj...and-childbirth

    V, Jayaram. (n.d.). Children in Hinduism. Hinduwebsite.com. www.hinduwebsite.com/hinduism/h_children.asp

    Vohra, R. (2021, April 24). Cultural differences in menopause. Menopause Charity. https://www.themenopausecharity.org/...-in-menopause/

    What is cultural and linguistic competence? (2019, July). Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. www.ahrq.gov/ncepcr/tools/cu...efinition.html

    Witting, L. (2023, January 23). Limited access: Poverty and barriers to accessible health care. National Health Council. https://nationalhealthcouncil.org/bl...e-health-care/

    World Health Organization. (2023, August 9). Traditional medicine. https://www.who.int/news-room/questi...ional-medicine


    This page titled 2.9: References is shared under a CC BY 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by OpenStax via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform.