11.8: Key Terms
- Page ID
- 104621
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)- breech presentation
- when the fetal buttocks (or legs) present into the pelvis first
- cephalic presentation
- when the fetal head presents into the pelvis first
- cervical ripening
- softening and opening of the cervix as it prepares for labor
- clinical pelvimetry
- assessment of the general shape and size of the patient’s pelvis
- consanguinity
- shared ancestry, such as when the parents are first cousins
- estimated date of delivery (EDD)
- date the pregnant patient is expected to give birth, plus or minus 2 weeks
- fetal lie
- relationship of the fetal spine to the pregnant patient’s spine
- fetal presentation
- part of the fetus entering the pregnant patient’s pelvis first
- first trimester
- 0 to 13 weeks and 6 days of gestation
- fundal height
- measurement from the symphysis pubis to where the fundus (or top) of the uterus is palpated in a patient who is pregnant
- gravidity
- total number of times the patient has been pregnant (including the current pregnancy) regardless of the outcome or number of fetuses
- integrated or sequential screenings
- tests performed in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy to determine if there is an increased risk for abnormal chromosome and neural tube defects in the fetus
- Leopold’s maneuvers
- a specific method of palpating the pregnant patient’s abdomen to determine the fetal lie, fetal presentation, location of the fetal back, and, with deeper palpation, the fetal position; can also be used, along with measurement of the fundal height, to estimate the fetal weight
- longitudinal lie
- when the fetal spine lines up vertically with the pregnant patient’s spine
- multiparous
- pregnant person who has given birth one or more times after 20 weeks of gestation
- Naegele’s Rule
- three-step calculation based on a 28-day menstrual cycle, used to determine a pregnant patient’s due date: subtract 3 months from the first day of the last menstrual period (LMP); add 7 days to the LMP; and adjust the year as needed
- oblique lie
- when the fetal spine lies on the diagonal of the pregnant patient’s spine
- parity
- number of pregnancies where the patient has reached 20 weeks of gestation or more regardless of whether the pregnancy ended in a live birth or stillbirth
- primiparous
- person who is pregnant for the first time
- quad marker screen
- measures the maternal serum levels of four pregnancy markers, alpha fetoprotein, hCG, unconjugated estriol, and inhibin-A, to determine if there is an increased risk for abnormal chromosome and neural tube defects in the fetus and is performed at 15 to 20 weeks of pregnancy
- second trimester
- 14 to 27 weeks and 6 days of gestation
- shoulder presentation
- when the fetus is in a transverse lie and the shoulder is presenting into the pelvis first
- third trimester
- week 28 until delivery (usually by 42 weeks’ gestation)
- transverse lie
- when the fetal spine lines up horizontally with the pregnant patient’s spine, like the plus (+) sign
- trimester
- 14 weeks of pregnancy; the 280 days of gestation during pregnancy are divided into three periods, called trimesters