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adolescent pregnancy
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one that occurs in persons between 10 and 19 years of age
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anemia
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level of red blood cells or hemoglobin that is too low to supply enough oxygen to the tissues of the body
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blighted ovum
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also known as an
anembryonic pregnancy
, occurs when a fertilized egg implants into the uterus, but an embryo does not form
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cerclage
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surgical procedure in which sutures are placed around the cervix to prevent it from dilating
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cervical insufficiency
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painless dilation of the cervix during pregnancy that often leads to inability to carry the fetus beyond the second trimester
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chronic hypertension
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high blood pressure that is present prior to pregnancy or before 20 weeks’ gestation
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complete abortion
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occurs when there is a termination of pregnancy that results in all the products of conception being expelled from the uterus, such as the fetus, placenta, and other tissue
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cystic fibrosis
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genetic disorder caused by a mutation in the transmembrane conductance regulator (
CFTR
) gene, which causes thick mucus to build up in various organs of the body, such as the lungs, pancreas, and intestines
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dilation and curettage (D&C)
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surgical procedure in which the contents of the uterus are removed by dilating the cervix and using a surgical instrument (curette) to evacuate the uterine tissue and lining
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disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
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serious condition where there is widespread coagulopathy and tiny blood clots form throughout the body
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eclampsia
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occurs when preeclampsia progresses and the patient develops seizure activity
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ectopic pregnancy
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occurs when a fertilized egg becomes implanted outside the uterus
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fetal resorption
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occurs when fetal tissues are broken down into simple molecules, which are easily absorbed by the body of the pregnant person
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gestational trophoblastic disease
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rare group of tumors caused by an abnormal growth of placental trophoblastic tissue during pregnancy
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HELLP syndrome
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acronym that stands for
H
emolysis,
E
levated
L
iver enzymes, and
L
ow
P
latelet count and is a complication of liver involvement related to preeclampsia
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high-risk pregnancy
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pregnancy that has an increased likelihood of maternal and fetal complications
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hyperemesis gravidarum
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condition characterized by severe nausea and vomiting during the first trimester that can lead to electrolyte imbalances, weight loss, malnutrition, and dehydration
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hyperthyroidism
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diagnosed in the setting of high thyroxine (free T4) levels and low thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels; clinical signs and symptoms include heat intolerance, weight loss, frequent stools, sweating, palpitations, insomnia, tachycardia, and hypertension.
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hypothyroidism
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diagnosed in the setting of high thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and low thyroxine (free T4) levels; clinical signs and symptoms include fatigue, weight gain, constipation, muscle cramps, cold intolerance, edema, hair loss, and dry skin
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immune thrombocytopenia (ITP)
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autoimmune disorder in which platelets are destroyed, which leads to low platelet levels
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incomplete abortion
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occurs when some of the products of conception are still present in the uterus after the pregnancy has been terminated
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inevitable pregnancy loss
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occurs when the cervix dilates or the membranes rupture without delivery of the fetus or placenta at less than 20 weeks’ gestation
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intrauterine fetal demise
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death of the fetus that occurs at any time during pregnancy
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missed abortion
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also referred to as a
missed miscarriage
, a type of spontaneous abortion where there is no expulsion of the products of conception and the cervix is closed; the patient may experience minimal to no signs or symptoms of miscarriage
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multiple gestation
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term used to describe a pregnancy in which there is more than one fetus
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oligohydramnios
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abnormally low volume of amniotic fluid present during pregnancy
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overnutrition
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imbalance of nutrition that results from excessive food intake
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placenta accreta
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occurs when the placenta grows into or through the uterine wall, which can lead to the placenta attaching to nearby pelvic and abdominal organs
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placenta previa
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placenta that is located near the internal cervical os or covering it
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placental abruption
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occurs when the placenta separates from the uterine lining, which may lead to significant maternal-fetal blood loss, intrauterine fetal demise, or maternal death
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polyhydramnios
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abnormally high volume of amniotic fluid that is present during pregnancy
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preeclampsia
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multisystem disorder that can occur after 20 weeks’ gestation and, if untreated, can lead to damage in the vital organs and cause seizures
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preexisting medical condition
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medical condition that is present prior to conception
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preterm labor
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onset of labor before 37 weeks’ gestation, which is considered term gestation
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preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM)
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occurs when the membranes rupture before term gestation at 37 weeks and there is concern for imminent delivery
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recurrent abortion
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also known as a
recurrent pregnancy loss
, refers to two or more consecutive spontaneous abortions that occur before 20 weeks’ gestation
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rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
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systemic autoimmune disease characterized primarily by joint inflammation
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systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
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autoimmune disorder in which the body’s immune system attacks healthy tissues in multiple organ systems
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threatened abortion
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diagnosed when bleeding occurs without cervical dilation during the first trimester or before 20 weeks’ gestation
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tuberculosis (TB)
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infection caused by the bacterium
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
that primarily impacts the lungs and can cause symptoms such as a chronic cough, hemoptysis, fever, night sweats, chills, fatigue, and chest pain, and symptoms can range from mild to severe
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type 1 diabetes
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caused by an insulin shortage from an autoimmune process that destroys the pancreatic beta cells that produce insulin
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type 2 diabetes
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caused by beta cells that do not secrete a sufficient amount of insulin in the setting of insulin resistance
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undernutrition
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imbalance of nutrition related to inadequate intake of food and necessary nutrients