7: Anti-Infective Drugs
- Page ID
- 90321
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)- 7.0: Introduction
- This page highlights the immune system's defense against pathogens, detailing four main types of infectious microorganisms: bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. It emphasizes the chapter's focus on pharmacologic agents for treating these infections, including their indications, mechanisms of action, adverse effects, contraindications, and drug interactions.
- 7.1: Introduction to Bacterial, Viral/COVID-19, and Fungal Infections
- This page discusses the pathophysiology of infection and the body’s immune defense mechanisms, highlighting the distinction between innate (rapid, non-specific) and adaptive (slower, specific) immunity. It notes that clinical signs like fever may be less pronounced in immunocompromised patients, complicating diagnosis.
- 7.2: Antibiotic, Antiviral/Anti–COVID-19, and Antifungal Drugs
- This page covers critical information regarding antibiotics, antiviral drugs, and antifungal medications, focusing on their uses, side effects, and precautions. It underscores the importance of responsible antibiotic use to prevent resistance, highlights contraindications, discusses adverse effects, and emphasizes the need for adherence to antiviral regimens. Special considerations for specific populations, dosing guidelines, and nursing implications for monitoring patients are provided.
- 7.3: Introduction to HIV, AIDS, and Antiretrovirals
- This page discusses the comprehensive aspects of HIV and AIDS, including their pathophysiology, symptoms, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment options. It emphasizes the impact of HIV on the immune system and the progression to AIDS, characterized by a CD4 count below 200 cells/mL.
- 7.5: Introduction to Tuberculosis and Antitubercular Drugs
- This page covers the prevention, pathophysiology, and management of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), highlighting common bacterial and viral STIs. It emphasizes the necessity of education, safe practices, and regular screening, along with effective communication to foster openness about sexual health. The importance of addressing health equity and barriers faced by demographic groups at risk is noted.
- 7.6: Antiparasitic and Anthelminthic Drugs
- This page covers the pathophysiology and management of parasitic infections, detailing the distinctions between protozoa and helminths. It discusses key antiparasitic medications, such as metronidazole, including their uses, dosages, and side effects. The importance of tailored diagnosis for effective treatment is highlighted, along with nursing implications for monitoring and client education on drug safety and administration.
- 7.7: Chapter Summary
- This page discusses infectious diseases caused by various microorganisms and the immune system's defenses. It reviews pharmacotherapy for conditions such as COVID-19 and HIV, stressing the importance of appropriate anti-infective use to prevent resistance. The page also underscores the importance of client adherence to treatment and highlights the role of healthcare professionals, especially nurses, in fostering supportive, nonjudgmental environments for diverse patients.
- 7.8: Key Terms
- This page outlines essential terms and concepts in infectious diseases and immunology, covering definitions of conditions like AIDS and HIV, immune responses (adaptive and innate), and anti-infective stewardship. It differentiates between bactericidal and bacteriostatic actions, explores types of infective organisms (helminths, protozoa), and discusses immunocompromised states and superinfections.
- 7.9: Review Questions
- This page discusses clinical scenarios for nurses regarding the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. It highlights recommended medications for conditions like gonorrhea and tuberculosis, preventive vaccines for HPV, and lice treatment, while noting contraindications for allergic patients. The page emphasizes the significance of patient education on medication adherence, possible side effects, and reproductive health.